Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan

Panyushkina, Irina P.; Slyusarenko, I. Y.; Sala, Renato; Deom, Jean-Marc; Toleubayev, Abdesh

doi:10.1017/rdc.2015.15

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Five out of seven samples had the same cutting time. In general, researchers conclude that logging was carried out for one year during the growing season (May-September) (Panyushkina et al, 2016). Based on this, the experiment was carried out in the natural distribution area of Siberian larch on the Saur ridge not far from the village of Shurshitsu, Zaisan district, East Kazakhstan region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOGS FROM SHILIKTY CEMETRY (East Kazakhstan)

Ayapova

Umitkaliev²,

Toleubayev³

2022

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The article presents data from an experimental study of the technological function of the cross-cutting eyelets in the logs found in the wooden-stone part of the mound № 1 of the Shilikty-3 burial ground which located in East Kazakhstan. According to the earlier dendrochronological analyzes of wood materials, the age of the mound № 1 is determined within the 7th century BC. The wooden part of the tomb was built of thick, butt-stacked larch logs in two rows, according to the cage-frame principle. Due to the fact that the forest required for the construction of the tomb was at a distance of 25 km from the burial site, the eyelets in larch logs were most likely used for dragging with horses. To verify this observation, the authors of the article conducted a full-scale experiment for the first time using materials available to the ancient society of the Saka culture. The study also established the time spent on operations. Three horses of the local breed were involved in the process of transporting the logs. During the experiment, it turned out that not every horse can cope with this kind of load. Thus, the results of the study showed the reliability of the above mentioned observation. So after dragging, traces of beveling become noticeable on the thin end of the log, similar to an archaeological source. In general, the experimental study of the technology used to cut and transport logs helps researchers to draw attention to those details of the daily life of ancient societies that previously seemed natural and did not require proof.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOGS FROM SHILIKTY CEMETRY (East Kazakhstan)

Ayapova

Umitkaliev²,

Toleubayev³

2022

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“…However, not all Iron Age Eurasian steppe region burials were constructed of wood, and in some of the burials, the wood preservation was poor or even degraded completely and is under increasing threat from climate change melting protective permafrost (Han 2008). Consequently, only a few burials are eligible for accurate dating using the wiggle matching method, giving relatively precise dates of the Saka burials located on the territory of Kazakhstan and Western Siberia, such as Arzhan 1 and 2, Shilikty kurgan (Baigetobe), Berel, Pazyryk and others as shown in Table 1 (Panyushkina et al 2016;Toleubayev 2018;Chugunov et al 2017;Zaitseva et al 2005Zaitseva et al , 2007.…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Dates of the Saka kurgans (Beisenov et al 2017;Chugunov et al 2017;Gnecchi-Ruscone et al 2021;Panyushkina et al 2016;Zaitseva et al 2005Zaitseva et al , 2007. Saka sites that are not eligible for wiggle matching dating may be attributed to certain Iron Age periods, including the Early Saka period (c. 800-500 BCE), based on other features, such as the form of construction of the kurgan or stylistic features of the burial assemblage (Samashev 2021b;Tairov 2006) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Iron Age Saka population of eastern Eurasia is considered the earliest of the Scythian groups to emerge in the 1st millennium BCE, as well as being the most substantial part of the Eastern group of the pan-Scythian family, occupying almost the entire territory of modern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, northern Afghanistan, north-west China and northern Mongolia, and substantial parts of western and eastern Siberia (Davis-Kimball et al 1995;Gnecchi-Ruscone et al 2021). Among the earliest securely dated Iron Age Eurasian pastoralist sites of the whole region are the burial mounds (kurgans) located on the territory of western Siberia and East Kazakhstan, including Arzhan-1 and 2, and Baigetobe (Panyushkina et al 2016;Chugunov et al 2017;Zaitseva et al 2004Zaitseva et al , 2005Zaitseva et al , 2007. These sites provide excellent examples of contextualised archaeological finds of Saka art, including numerous gold objects, in contrast to many of the collections of the last 200 years, which were instead looted or displaced from their original resting places with minimal or no provenance information Curtis 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Zoomorphic Arts of Ancient Central Eurasia

2023

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Cover image courtesy of Met's open access database© 2023 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.

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“…The valley is naturally limited by the Manyrak and Saur Mountains in the north and northeast and by the spurs of the East Tarbagatai Mountains that reach the altitude of 2,500-2,900 meters. Starting from 2003, research is conducted on Shilikty monuments located in the eponymous valley in the Zaysan district of the East Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Panyushkina et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the Costume Elements of the Shilikty “Golden Man”

Toleubayev¹,

Zhumatayev²,

Shakenov³

2020

rupkatha

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The article contains the reconstruction of the Shilikty “Golden Man” clothing based on multidisciplinary studies of the archeological material from the royal kurgan “Baigetobe” in the Tarbagatai foothills. The authors describe in detail the reconstruction of the anthropological appearance and the results of studying organic samples from the burial complex, as well as explain the final shape of royal attire and justify the details and components of the reconstructed costume. The methodological basis of the study is the systemic approach that allows one to view the categories of the Saka royal clothing as profound systems. Within the approach, the methodology and the recreation of ancient royal clothing rely on a wide range of analogies from Eurasian Saka-Scythian monuments and ethnographic materials. Based on these monuments and materials, the authors have established that certain elements in the clothing of early nomads of Kazakhstan have more in common with the clothing of neighboring tribes of Asian steppes in the early Iron Age. This is evident in the cut, detailing and the décor of clothing recovered from such monuments as Pazyryk, Katanda, Tuyekta and Akalakha. The methodological challenge to study clothing based on archeological data is primarily related to the condition of the source. The authors briefly characterize the organic probes from the kurgan burial chamber that have been studied using regular and digital microscopes and conclude that the clothing of the Shilikty Man was colorful. Within the framework of multidisciplinary research, the authors have conducted an anthropological study of the skeletal remains and the sculptural reconstruction of the person from the Baigetobe kurgan. Anthropologically, this person belongs to the mixed Caucasoid and Mongoloid type with prevalent Caucasoid elements, which agrees with the anthropological features of the ancient population of Central Asia in the early Iron Age. Therefore, gold jewelry, the quality of fabrics and the multilevel burial structure confirm the high profile of the Shilikty Golden Man. The conclusions and results can be used for the reconstruction of the composite image of the nomadic nobility in Central Asia in the early Saka period.

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Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOGS FROM SHILIKTY CEMETRY (East Kazakhstan)

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOGS FROM SHILIKTY CEMETRY (East Kazakhstan)

The Zoomorphic Arts of Ancient Central Eurasia

Reconstruction of the Costume Elements of the Shilikty “Golden Man”

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