Calf deep vein thrombosis: frequency, therapeutic management, early outcomes and all-causes mortality in a cohort of hospitalized patients

Elmi, Giovanna; Aluigi, Leonardo; Allegri, Davide; Camaggi, Valeria; Giulio, Rosella Di; Martignani, Alberto; Reggiani, Maria Letizia Bacchi; Domanico, Andrea; Antignani, Pier Luigi

doi:10.23736/s0392-9590.20.04528-9

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have suggested that IDDVT patients have a lower incidence of thrombosis recurrence and all-cause mortality than PDVT patients [ 9 , 16 , 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, the risk of thrombosis extension of IDDVT is around 3–10% when left untreated [ 13 – 15 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether anticoagulation in hospitalized patients can reduce the proximal propagation of IDDVT remains controversial. For example, Giovanna et al found that anticoagulation could not decrease the risk of thrombosis propagation to proximal deep veins among hospitalized IDDVT patients [ 16 ]. Moreover, Yorinari et al retrospectively found that anticoagulation therapy for hospitalized IDDVT patients had no effects on the incidence of PE while increased bleeding events [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between coagulation and mortality is another concern in IDDVT patients. Previously, Giovanna’s group showed that anticoagulation might reduce all-cause mortality of inpatients [ 16 ]. Herein, we did not observe this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, malignancy history was the most important risk factor for death. Previously, it was well-established that cancer was the main reason for death in IDDVT patients during long-term follow-up [ 9 , 16 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the data on the risk of IDDVT progression is sparse among inpatients. Finally, evidence regarding the efficiency of anticoagulation therapy for IDDVT patients is scarce [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospitalized patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: anticoagulation therapy or not?

et al. 2022

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Background Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT), a disease frequently detected in hospitalized patients, can progress to proximal deep vein thrombosis (PDVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Here, we evaluated the effects of anticoagulation in hospitalized IDDVT patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in our hospital and enrolled hospitalized IDDVT patients diagnosed by compression ultrasonography (CUS) from January to December 2020. Participants were divided into anticoagulation (AC) and non-anticoagulation (non-AC) groups. After propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess whether anticoagulation was associated with PDVT/PE, and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 426 IDDVT inpatients with CUS follow-up were screened from 1502 distal DVT patients and finally enrolled. The median age was 67 years with 51.4% males and 15.5% cancer patients. The median follow-up was 11.6 months. There were 288 and 138 patients treated with or without anticoagulants, respectively. Patients in the non-AC group had less body mass index and more comorbidities. Patients in the AC group were treated with rivaroxaban or dabigatran (52.1%), low molecular weight heparin (42.7%), and warfarin (5.2%). The PSM generated 111 pairs of well-matched IDDVT patients with or without anticoagulation. The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that neither the incidence of PDVT/PE (5.4% vs. 2.7%, log-rank p = 0.313) nor all-cause mortality (27.9% vs. 18.9%, log-rank p = 0.098) was significant different between groups. Anticoagulation was not associated with PDVT/PE and all-cause mortality in the multivariable Cox regression analyses using the matched cohorts. The main risk factors for all-cause mortality were age, malignancy history, BMI, sepsis, heart failure, and white blood cell (WBC) count. Conclusions In hospitalized IDDVT patients, the thrombosis extension rate to PDVT/PE was low. Anticoagulation did not reduce the incidence of thrombosis extension of IDDVT and was not associated with all-cause mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospitalized patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: anticoagulation therapy or not?

et al. 2022

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Graduated elastic compression stockings in the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nielsen,

Hermann,

Fredskilde

2023

Phlebology

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Background The effect of graduated elastic compression stockings (ECS) in the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) has been questioned since a large randomized trial found no prophylactic effect of ECS. Objective To assess the effect of the wearing time of ECS on the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after proximal deep venous thrombosis, we performed a meta-analysis of the incidence of PTS across randomized and observational studies. Method PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until 12 June 2023 for studies on the effect of ECS on PTS. References of eligible studies were also screened in order to identify other potential studies that might have been missed during the search. Results Four studies comprising a total of 1467 patients met our inclusion criteria for early initiation and consistent use of ECS in patients with acute proximal DVT. ECS significantly reduced the incidence of mild-moderate PTS (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.36–0.63) as well as severe PTS (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.58).

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Management and outcomes of calf deep vein thrombosis in patients with contraindication to full anticoagulation due to bleeding

ELMI

ALLEGRI²,

Aluigi³

et al. 2023

Int Angiol

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Calf deep vein thrombosis: frequency, therapeutic management, early outcomes and all-causes mortality in a cohort of hospitalized patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Hospitalized patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: anticoagulation therapy or not?

Hospitalized patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: anticoagulation therapy or not?

Graduated elastic compression stockings in the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Management and outcomes of calf deep vein thrombosis in patients with contraindication to full anticoagulation due to bleeding

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