Calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms in Ada’a Liben district of Oromia, Ethiopia

Wudu, T.; Kelay, B.; Mekonnen, H.; Tesfu, K.

doi:10.1007/s11250-007-9104-3

Cited by 67 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The umbilicus is contaminated from wet floors, leading to septicemia in neonates (Amare, 2014). Joint ill is a common condition of calves that can cause 6% mortality in calves of Africa (Wudu et al, 2008). In contrast calves receive passive immunity by ingestion of colostrum after birth and survive with good health (Tizard, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical affections of cattle in the milk-shed areas of Bangladesh

et al. 2015

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Little is known of the occurrence of surgical affections of cattle at the government veterinary hospitals of Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of surgical disorders in five Upazila Veterinary Hospitals (UVH) in greater Pabna administrative district. A total of 33,584 sick animals were investigated and the overall occurrence of surgical disorders is 12.9%. The most common surgical affection is navel ill (25.8%) followed by myiasis (13.0%), foot diseases (11.3%), arthritis (8.8%) and teat obstruction (8.4%). Navel ill, umbilical hernia, arthritis, horn affections, urolithiasis and tail gangrene are more common in male than female. Foot diseases, myiasis, upward patellar fixation and hip dislocation are more common in female than male. Myiasis and arthritis are found more in summer, whereas foot diseases, urolithiasis and teat crack are more common in winter. (Bangl. vet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical affections of cattle in the milk-shed areas of Bangladesh

et al. 2015

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“…Many of these enteropathogens cause severe intestinal lesions, alterations in enzyme activity, and alterations in nutrient transport mechanisms, or a combination of these effects. Infectious diarrhea of neonatal animals is one of the most common and economically devastating conditions encountered in the animal agriculture industry (Wudu, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Muktar¹,

Gezhagne²,

Biruk³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Calf diarrheic diseases result from complex interactions of the environment. Infectious agents and the calf itself are the major constraints for raising replacement stock. Calf diarrhea is a multi factorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef sucker herds and is one of the most common diseases reported in calves up to 3 months old. Among the bacterial causes of diarrhea in neonatal food animals, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are the most common and economically important ones. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter species have also been identified as causes of enteric diseases in calf diarrhea other, Non-infectious factors, such as insufficient uptake of colostrum, poor sanitation, stress, overcrowding in the calf pens and cold weather, could cause neonatal calf diarrhea. The most prominent virulence factors identified in bacterial diarrhea are expression of fimbrial (pili) antigens that enables the bacteria to adhere and to colonize the luminal surface of the small bowel and elaboration of one or more enterotoxins that influence intestinal secretion of fluids. Various laboratory methods have been applied for the detection of infectious agents of calf diarrhea in fecal sample such as, bacterial culture, electron microscopy, molecular based techniques (PCR, DNA microarray) and serological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, latex agglutination test). Accurate and rapid early confirmation of the etiology in the disease outbreak as well as improving the various management factors are advised, for effective control and prevention of enteric disease in newborn calves. Treatment with rehydration solutions and provision of dry and warm conditions are vital in the treatment of calf diarrhoea.

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“…The success of any breeding program as well as the future of the mini dairy farms depends upon the rate of survival of calf crop produced and accordingly calf morbidity and mortality are of great concern of dairyman, because most of the dairy farms are confronted with acute problems of calf morbidity & mortality (Gitau et al, 2010;Wudu et al, 2008). Under modern dairy production in the developed world, the average length of time a cow stays in a milking herd is about four years and, therefore, 25% of the milking herd must be replaced each year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

Islam

Rahman

Nahar

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. An investigation on the incidence of calf morbidity and mortality was conducted on 92 purposively selected CIG (Common Interest Group) dairy farms in Muktagacha upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 119 calves from the farms were longitudinally followed from August 2014 to November 2014 for major health problems. Representative fecal samples from diarrhoeic calves were tested to identify gastro-enteropathogens associated with diarrhea by rapid detection test kit (Bio K 306). The overall incidence risk of morbidity and mortality were 56.17% and 6.29%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence risk of 34.82% followed by navel ill (7.22%) and pneumonia (6.29%). In addition, fever, arthritis, pica and foot and mouth disease were encountered. The main causes of death in calf were pneumonia (3.739%) and FMD (1.78%). A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon. The overall prevalence of microorganisms associated with diarrhea was 69.2% in which Clostridium perfringens was the highest (38.5%) within the first month of age. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp within first month of age was 7.7%. In this study, mixed infection with Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium spp or Corona virus was found in 7.7% of diarrheic calves within 10 days of the age. It is now established that calf morbidity and mortality are an important limiting factors for the success of modern dairy farms and accordingly vigorous and comprehensive research should be taken to minimize the problem.

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Calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms in Ada’a Liben district of Oromia, Ethiopia

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Surgical affections of cattle in the milk-shed areas of Bangladesh

Surgical affections of cattle in the milk-shed areas of Bangladesh

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

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