Calibration and 3-D sound reproduction in the Immersive Audio Environment

Shah, Pratik; Grant, Steven; Chapin, William L.

doi:10.1109/icme.2011.6011896

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, accurate knowledge of room acoustics is considered incomplete due to the complexity of sound fields in closed areas, i.e. the large number of 'degrees of freedom' that need to be taken into consideration, and the acoustical quality of a room ultimately has to be proven by subjective judgments [6,7].…”

Section: Fixed Conditions Affecting Sound Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many different sound reproduction systems introduced in the past, including stereo, quadraphonic sound, surround sound, ambisonics, and so on. The majority of such systems are relying on precise loudspeaker arrangement, or they require a very high density and volume of loudspeakers to reproduce sound accurately throughout a room [7].…”

Section: Fixed Conditions Affecting Sound Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Deviations in Sound Reproduction

Oomen,

Farran,

Fellas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sound reproduction is the electro-mechanical re-creation of sound waves using analogue and digital audio equipment. Although identical reproduction of a sound is implied to be acoustically identical, numerous fixed and variable conditions are affecting the acoustic result. To arrive at a better understanding of the causes and the extent of deviations in sound reproduction, differences in the amplitude, phase and frequency of a sound signal at various stages in the process of reproduction were measured and compared under a set of controlled conditions, one of them being the presence of a human subject in the acoustic environment. Deviations in acoustic reproduction were found to be significantly smaller than ± 0.1 dB amplitude and ± 1 degree phase shift when comparing trials recorded on the same day. Deviations significantly increased greater than 5 times the amplitude and 6 times the phase shift when comparing trials recorded on different days. Deviations further increased significantly with greater than 59 times the amplitude and 32 times the phase shift with a human subject present in the acoustic environment. For the first time, it was shown that the human body does not always absorb, but can also amplify sound energy. The degree of either absorption or amplification per frequency shows consistent variance in response to the subject and changes in the stimulus, indicating a non-linear relationship between the observed deviations and the presence of the human subject. The findings of the present study may serve as a reference for acoustic standards and corrective methods improving the accuracy and predictability of sound reproduction and its applications in measurement, diagnostics and therapeutic methods.

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Section: Fixed Conditions Affecting Sound Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fixed Conditions Affecting Sound Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Deviations in Sound Reproduction

Oomen,

Farran,

Fellas

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sound field can be expanded on a sphere in a sphere coordinate system by spherical harmonic functions and, the decoder is able to rebuild the sound field based on the superposition of spherical harmonic functions [7,8] . Although ambisonics focuses giving the sweet point a realistic spatial feeling successfully, high order ambisonics promotes the sound event location with the cost of more channels and loudspeakers and in a consequence, it similarly limits the user to theatre-type attitudes [4,9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, WFS needs a continuous, closed surface and a large number of idealized loudspeakers [3] . Due to the large number of loudspeakers required, WFS is possibly impractical for consumers [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial perception reproduction of sound event based on sound properties

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci.

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A new method for estimating gain factors in amplitude panning system is proposed. The method is based on particle velocity and balanced sound energy formulation. A scale factor is employed in amplitude panning system and thus, an overdetermined system of equation is derived in particle velocity equation. To obtain the analytic solution of the overdetermined equation, the sound energy identical formula is considered and then the unique gain factors are estimated. The proposed method is able to reproduce sound source direction and control the distance perception in a flexible two-or three-dimension loudspeaker setup. Subjective evaluations show that the proposed technique in an aspheric loudspeaker setup maintains the sound direction and controls the distance perception at the listening point.

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“…For example, WFS needs a continuous, closed surface and a large number of idealized loudspeakers [1] and HOA system promotes the sound event location with the cost of more channels [2]. As a consequence, both WFS and HOA are possibly impractical for domestic environments and limit consumers to theatre-type environments [3] [4]. * Thanks to National Natural Science Foundation of China and Ministry of Science and Technology for funding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial perception reproduction of sound events based on sound property coincidences

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

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Sound pressure and particle velocity are used to reproduce sound signals in multichannel systems. The two sound properties were estimated step by step and particle velocity was scaled due to ill-conditioned equations in Ando's study. We explore a new system of equations to maintain both sound pressure and particle velocity. The weight equations are solved in a non-traditional way to figure out exact solutions. Based on the proposed method, the perception of the direction of a sound event and the distance to the listening point are both reproduced correctly in a three-dimension reproduction system. The comparison between the proposed method and Ando's method is outlined and the proposed method is more flexible and useful. Objective evaluation shows the wavefront in the proposed method is more accurate than Ando's method and subjective evaluation confirms that the proposed method improves the spatial perception of sound events.

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Calibration and 3-D sound reproduction in the Immersive Audio Environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental Investigation of Deviations in Sound Reproduction

Experimental Investigation of Deviations in Sound Reproduction

Spatial perception reproduction of sound event based on sound properties

Spatial perception reproduction of sound events based on sound property coincidences

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