Calibration and frequency estimation in sensors for electrical parameter measurement using regression and metaheuristic based models

Abstract

Calibration is the backbone of any sensor and measurement philosophy. The conventional calibration techniques for electrical parameter measurement using nonlinear sensors are affected by the repeating analogue signals and lead to errors in measurement. This research paper investigates different regression-based mathematical models to calibrate the Hall sensor for measuring RMS and the fundamental frequency. The novelty of this research work lies in the feature-based input modelling to measure RMS current and frequency with an error of 3.37e-12% and 7.61e-9%, respectively. The conventional Fourier transform method is compared with six different bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to estimate the frequency components of the analogue signal received from the measurement setup. Apart from the conventional sine waveforms, this paper investigates sawtooth and square waveforms as the periodic signals for determining the frequency components. The results from the comparison study show that the Whale Optimization Algorithm exhibits 1.25% lesser error whilst predicting the features in measured frequency components. Apart from this, the paper identifies a unique combination of features that effectively measures the instantaneous electrical parameter with RMSE, NRMSE, and R 2 value of 158.8, 0.51, and 0.44, respectively. Experimentally it is found that the decision tree and random forest regression models calibrate the Hall sensor with 93% less error than their linear and polynomial counterparts.

Collective Behavior based Slime Mold Optimization with application to UAV Energy conversion device analysis

“…For smoother VTOL operation, cogging situation is needed to be suppressed. To save the unnecessary time wasted in re-designing of model, the surrogate model of cogging torque is designed using Polynomial Regression to develop the desired DOP [36].…”

Evaluation of the Optional Wideband Accuracy of Inductive Current Transformers in Accordance with the Standard IEC 61869-1 Ed.2

“…Inductive current transformers (CTs) are used in power systems to adjust large currents to an appropriate level for measuring, protection and control equipment [6][7][8]. However, their use for the transformation of distorted currents requires additional tests over a wide frequency range, particularly concerning the specification of their accuracy for harmonics [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This ensures proper power measurement and its quality monitoring in the condition of a distorted current and voltage.…”