Calibration and use of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler for monitoring organotin compounds in water

Abstract

IntroductionThe organotin compounds, monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) are considered among the most hazardous compounds of anthropogenic * Corresponding author.

Laboratory calibration and field testing of the Chemcatcher-Metal for trace levels of rare earth elements in estuarine waters

“…The standard derivations of the sampling rates obtained from the different calibration studies at 7, 13, and 21°C are overlapping each other, and hence, a significant influence of temperature on the uptake is not reasonable from these data. This finding is in good agreement with data from Aguilar-Martinez et al (2008), who detected no important effects on the uptake of organotin compounds at temperatures between 11 and 18°C, or results presented by Runeberg (2005), who detected no significant changes of the sampling rate of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni at water temperatures between 11 and 18°C. The effect of the temperature could be much more important when working at more extreme temperature levels below 4°C or at a water temperature higher than 25°C due to the pronounced changes of the hydrodynamic viscosity of the water and energetic interaction effects between the ions in the bulk water as well as the diffusion-limiting membrane (Cussler 2007;Aguilar-Martinez et al 2008).…”

“…A similar effect was observed for organotin (Aguilar-Martinez et al 2008) and Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn (Runeberg 2005) analyses using the Chemcatcher. The result suggests that accumulation of REEs at low turbulence (0.25 and 0.5 m s −1 ) was mainly effected by the aqueous diffusive boundary layer with resulting lower sampling rates.…”

“…To our knowledge, the results were the first measurements of REEs with a passive sampler system in the field and the determined concentration could not be related to other studies. As the sampling station at Cuxhaven is under strong industrial pressure influenced by the River Elbe, the measured concentrations could not be set as Bbackground concentrations.^Due to the fact that passive samplers enrich only the freely dissolved fraction of metals (Aguilar-Martinez et al 2008;Knutsson 2013), the detected TWA concentration of REEs could be considered as representing a bioavailable concentration of these compounds. REEs are currently not the focus of monitoring programs, and therefore, only little is known about their water concentrations and toxicity (Haley 1965;Hirano and Suzuki 1996;Yang et al 1999).…”

Overview of the Chemcatcher® for the passive sampling of various pollutants in aquatic environments Part A: Principles, calibration, preparation and analysis of the sampler

“…The C18 disk used for the sampling of organotin compounds was conditioned by soaking in methanol, until translucent, and then by rinsing several times in UPW (Ultra-Pure Water) [54,55,71]. The conditioned disks were stored in a Petri dish in wet conditions at 4°C before use.…”

Trends in the analysis and monitoring of organotins in the aquatic environment

“…Both are contained in PTFE housing. Aguilar-Martinez et al [83] using a laboratory calibration tank with varying water temperatures and turbulences, determined the sampler uptake rates of different organotins as MBT = 6-18 mL d À1 , DBT = 41-204 mL d À1 , TBT = 29-202 mL d À1 and 26-173 mL d À1 for TPhT. Limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 7.5 ng L À1.…”