Calibration-free breath acetone sensor with interference correction based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy near 8.2 $$\upmu$$m

Schwarm, Kevin K.; Strand, Christopher L.; Miller, Victor A.; Spearrin, R. Mitchell

doi:10.1007/s00340-019-7358-x

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Additionally, there are some identified factors that affect BrAce readout, some of which are; exercise, obesity, garlic ingestion, disulfiram, and variability in body temperatures [ 7 ]. Exercise has been shown to increase BrAce in adults because energy in the form of glucose has been depleted and the body moves to metabolize fat stores [ 37 ]. Obese individuals have been shown to have lower levels of BrAce.…”

Section: Current Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lasers are often used for these applications due to their precision and stability which allows for more accurate measurements [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Schwarm et al have developed a laser sensor that has been tested on subjects undergoing a ketogenic diet [ 37 ]. The sensor follows classic Beer–Lambert law by measuring absorbance of a gas and comparing it to known levels of acetone to determine the concentration present in exhaled breath.…”

Section: Future Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

Alkedeh

Priefer

2021

Biosensors

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The ketogenic diet, while originally thought to treat epilepsy in children, is now used for weight loss due to increasing evidence indicating that fat is burned more rapidly when there is a low carbohydrate intake. This low carbohydrate intake can lead to elevated ketone levels in the blood and breath. Breath and blood ketones can be measured to gauge the level of ketosis and allow for adjustment of the diet to meet the user’s needs. Blood ketone levels have been historically used, but now breath acetone sensors are becoming more common due to less invasiveness and convenience. New technologies are being researched in the area of acetone sensors to capitalize on the rising popularity of the diet. Current breath acetone sensors come in the form of handheld breathalyzer devices. Technologies in development mostly consist of semiconductor metal oxides in different physio-chemical formations. These current devices and future technologies are investigated here with regard to utility and efficacy. Technologies currently in development do not have extensive testing of the selectivity of the sensors including the many compounds present in human breath. While some sensors have undergone human testing, the sample sizes are very small, and the testing was not extensive. Data regarding current devices is lacking and more research needs to be done to effectively evaluate current devices if they are to have a place as medical devices. Future technologies are very promising but are still in early development stages.

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Section: Current Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

Alkedeh

Priefer

2021

Biosensors

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“…Gas detection plays an essential role in atmospheric pollution monitoring, combustion diagnosis, industrial process control, clinical breath analysis, and so forth 1 . To date, various techniques have been developed for trace gas detection, 2 such as electrochemical sensors, 3 mass spectrometry, 4 and optical spectroscopy 5–10 . One sensitive and promising optical gas sensing methods is tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), which has good gas selectivity and sensitivity, and fast response 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐based light‐induced thermoelastic spectroscopy for ammonia gas sensing

Wang

Cheng

Lou

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) based on carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) was proposed. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of laser energy radiation into the vibration of tuning fork, thin CNT, GO, and rGO layers were coated on the surface of commercial QTF, respectively. Ammonia (NH 3 ) gas was selected as the target analyte for the experimental validation. The experimental results show that the system's maximum gain factor in signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are 1.52, 1.53, 2.43, and 1.54, 1.33, 2.24 times, respectively, as compared with the traditional LITES with bare QTF.

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“…The relative research shows that the broadening effect of H 2 O has a non-negligible influence on retrieving trace gases concentration with high accuracy, especially in a high-humidity environment. 8 To date, a variety of analytical techniques have been developed for trace CH 4 detection, such as electrochemical sensors, 9 gas chromatography, 10 and optical spectroscopic techniques, for example, direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS), 11,12 wavelength modulation (WM), or frequency modulation spectroscopy, 13,14 photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) or quartz-enhanced PAS (QEPAS), [15][16][17] cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), and its variation integrating cavity output spectroscopy and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS). 18,19 In comparison, laser absorption spectroscopy shows the unique advantages of calibration-free, high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid responsibility, non-destructive, environmentally friendly analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity open‐path gas sensor based on a triangular multi‐pass cell

Sang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, a gas sensing technique utilizing a compact multi‐pass absorption cell in a triangular configuration was proposed for open‐path trace gases detection. To demonstrate this technique, an open‐path gas sensor system was developed by combing the innovated triangular multi‐pass cell with a near infrared distributed feedback diode laser (at 1.65 μm) for simultaneous detection of atmospheric CH4 and H2O. A Gaussian‐noise‐limited limit of detection of approximate 52 ppb and 445 ppm were achieved for CH4 and H2O, respectively, with 1 Hz sampling rate and at normal atmospheric pressure. Allan variance analysis indicates that a sensitivity of 5.5 ppb (for CH4) and 75 ppm (for H2O) could be obtained at the optimal averaging time of 300 s, which is comparative with the mid‐infrared laser based gas sensors. This technique will be a critical tool for developing low‐cost open‐path trace gas monitoring networks for environmental, industrial, and public security applications.

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Calibration-free breath acetone sensor with interference correction based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy near 8.2 $$\upmu$$m

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

The Ketogenic Diet: Breath Acetone Sensing Technology

Carbon‐based light‐induced thermoelastic spectroscopy for ammonia gas sensing

High sensitivity open‐path gas sensor based on a triangular multi‐pass cell

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