Calibration of a Cryogenic Turbine-Based Volumetric Flow Meter (CTVFM) Using Sub-Cooled Liquid Nitrogen and Solution for Its Practical Issues

Souza, Isaac de; Sarkar, Arnab; Anand, Ankit; Sarkar, Maalika; Kumar, Jitendra; Gour, Abhay Singh; Rao, Vishal Govind

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3065309

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The liquid nitrogen is then passed through a www.cprijournal.in Vol 18(1) | June 2022 helical heat exchanger inside the sub-cooled cryostat of the sub-cooling unit maintained at 65 K. The level inside the sub-cooling unit is maintained by using another liquid nitrogen Dewar of 121-liter capacity. The detailed construction and operation of the sub-cooling unit is discussed elsewhere 12 .…”

Section: Cryogen Flow Measurement and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This created a need for re-calibrating the CTVFM with subcooled LN 2 (below 77 K at 0.1 MPa) to avoid the 2-phase problem and to account for the thermo-mechanical constraints appearing at cryogenic temperatures. The detailed calibration process has been discussed in [12].…”

Section: Technical Challenges and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature and cryogen level in the sub-cooling unit is measured using equally spaced RTDs along its height. These RTDs serve as both temperature sensor as well as a discreet level sensor 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for India’s First High Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing

Souza

Sarkar²,

Sarkar

et al. 2022

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High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) based power cable is a technological marvel which can transmit bulk power over large distances without any joule heating as compared to a conventional copper cable, owing to its zero DC resistance in superconducting state. However, to maintain this superconducting state, the cable must be at a temperature below its critical temperature under self-field. Commonly used HTS material includes BSCCO (Tc = 110 K) and YBCO (Tc = 93 K) and thus, requires cryogenic liquid nitrogen (77 K) for attaining superconductivity. Further, the voltage drops across the various joints such as joint box and current leads in the termination unit must be monitored to ensure optimal operation of the cable. This demands for sophisticated instrumentation operating under extreme low cryogenic temperatures for safe operation, performance monitoring, cryogenic measurements, and control of the HTS power cable cryogenic process. This paper presents the instrumentation scheme followed for testing India’s first 6-meter HTS power cable. The instrumentation scheme involves housing of the various temperature sensors and location of voltage tapping, current measurement, cryogen flow measurements, operation of control valves, operation and measurement of high vacuum system, stray field measurement, insulation resistance measurement and dielectric measurements for cable are the important parameters for the successful operation of HTS power cable. To perform data logging NI-DAQ and LabVIEW software was used to develop in-house Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. This paper discusses intrinsic aspects of complete instrumentation and developed SCADA system for HTS power cable.

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Section: Cryogen Flow Measurement and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Challenges and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for India’s First High Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing

Souza

Sarkar²,

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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“…In the turbine flowmeters, the frequency generated by the rotation of a rotor is directly proportional to the flowrate. 2 These steadily calibrated devices can be applied to measure unsteady flowrates, 3 but only pulsating 4,5 or intermittent 6 ones with a lower frequency than 1 kHz can be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a GDI injector with an innovative flowmeter for high-pressure transient flows

Ferrari

Pizzo²,

Vento

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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A new flowmeter for high pressure flows, characterized by intense dynamic events, is presented. The flowmeter algorithm is based on the measurement of two pressure signals along the investigated pipe, and the flowrate is obtained through an ordinary differential equation given by the combination of the continuity and the momentum partial differential equations. This flowmeter has been applied to a GDI injector to monitor the flowrate that enters the injector during an injection event. A 1D numerical model of the GDI injector has been set up and validated, and the numerical outcomes have been used to confirm the consistency of the experimental results obtained from the new flowmeter, for both single and pilot-main injections. The internal dynamics of the injector has also been investigated, using both the 1D numerical tool and the innovative flowmeter. A possible feedback-control strategy has been set up to compensate for any inaccuracy of the injected mass by applying the flowmeter to the hydraulic high-pressure circuit.

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“…For the flowrate measurement, many technologies and working principles have been established. The frequency caused by the impeller rotation, which is directly correlated with the flowrate, is measured in turbine flowmeters [2]. These devices, calibrated in steady state conditions, can be used to monitor unsteady flow rates [3], although only pulsing [4,5], or intermittent [6] flows with frequencies less than 1 kHz can be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instantaneous flowrate measurements in high-pressure liquid flows

Ferrari,

Pizzo,

Rundo

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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A new flowmeter suitable for high-pressure flows and with a prompt dynamic response is presented. It is constituted by two pressure transducers installed on the monitored high-pressure pipe at a fixed distance one from the other, together with a low-pressure flowmeter that provides a time-averaged flowrate. The measurement algorithm consists of an ordinary differential equation obtained by combining the mass conservation partial differential equation and the momentum balance one applied to the considered piece of pipe comprised between the two pressure transducers. Due to the absence of a master instrument that can be employed as reference to verify the consistency of the measured flowrate, the flowmeter accuracy has been demonstrated by means of numerical models of various hydraulic components, rigorously validated through pressure measurements. The flow ripple of gear pumps has been measured, as well as the flowrate entering a Common Rail injector. For all these cases, the measured flowrate and the one obtained by means of the numerical model are in very good agreement, leading to a robust validation of the presented measurement device.

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Calibration of a Cryogenic Turbine-Based Volumetric Flow Meter (CTVFM) Using Sub-Cooled Liquid Nitrogen and Solution for Its Practical Issues

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Development of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for India’s First High Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing

Development of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for India’s First High Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing

Investigation of a GDI injector with an innovative flowmeter for high-pressure transient flows

Instantaneous flowrate measurements in high-pressure liquid flows

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