“…3 ). Moreover, the accuracy of EnergyPlus simulation concerning the building environment and PV power output has been confirmed by many other studies, with the simulation results in good agreement with experimental results for energy-efficient building facades [ [30] , [31] , [32] ], shading designs [ [33] , [34] , [35] ] and BIPV systems [ 25 , 36 , 37 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodology and Model Descriptionsupporting
“…3 ). Moreover, the accuracy of EnergyPlus simulation concerning the building environment and PV power output has been confirmed by many other studies, with the simulation results in good agreement with experimental results for energy-efficient building facades [ [30] , [31] , [32] ], shading designs [ [33] , [34] , [35] ] and BIPV systems [ 25 , 36 , 37 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodology and Model Descriptionsupporting
“…The shading of facades has shown to be a promising technology for heating, cooling, and day-lighting control [6]: in fact, the operation of shadings can be calibrated dynamically according to the targeted purpose, e.g., using solar-tracked surfaces to enhance heat gains [7] or to prioritize daylighting [8]. Although some software considers shadings in its library of components [9], the literature suggests further efforts to optimize the shadings operation [10]. Natural ventilation systems represent another popular class of passive energy technologies.…”
“…With today's lifestyle, the consumption of electrical energy in the world is increasing due to the widespread use of electrical appliances in buildings 1 . Experimental studies have shown that shading can reduce energy consumption by more than 30%, and simulation studies have revealed that shading can reduce energy consumption by up to 50% 24 . Highly glazed facades have some benefits: they provide natural light and a pleasant view to occupants; conversely, however, such facades increase the risk of glare and impose more heating and lighting load on the building 25,26 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19,29 In recent years, the accuracy of building energy simulation has increased, so architects can have better choices based on the economy and environment. 24,29 Properly designed shadings can hinder excessive sunlight penetration inside the building in summer and permit daylight penetration in the winter, which reduces energy consumption. 12,29 Occupants experience visual comfort by the glare being reduced.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Experimental studies have shown that shading can reduce energy consumption by more than 30%, and simulation studies have revealed that shading can reduce energy consumption by up to 50%. 24 Highly glazed facades have some benefits: they provide natural light and a pleasant view to occupants; conversely, however, such facades increase the risk of glare and impose more heating and lighting load on the building. 25,26 Energy consumption in the building sector comprises approximately 40% of energy use worldwide, 16,27 and 60% of the world's electricity consumption is in the building sector.…”
Modern office building designers tend to propose highly glazed façades that provide occupants with a view and daylight; however, the use of such façades has consequences, like glare and high energy consumption, especially in warm climates. Shadings affect energy usage for cooling, heating, and artificial lighting, defined as the objectives and output in the optimizer algorithm. The input variables are shading type, WWR, the depth of the shading, the distance between the shading and the window, the distance between fins, the number of fins in shading, and the distance from the top of the window. This research aims to comprehensively study external shadings and window‐to‐wall ratios to reduce the high energy consumption in modern office buildings in Tehran and cities in locations with a similar climate. The results can benefit all scientists researching building science, architects, instructors, and those wanting to buy a low‐energy consumption office. Energy consumption was calculated in Ladybug–Honeybee; the best objectives were obtained for each shading with the optimization process by the Octopus plugin in Grasshopper. Results were analyzed and rated compared with a window without shading. The best scenario was obtained for Egg‐crate with a 14.86% reduction in cooling energy and a 20.04% increase in useful daylight illuminance.
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