Calibration of microwave antenna gain standards

Newell, Allen C.; Stubenrauch, Carl F.; Baird, R. C.

doi:10.1109/proc.1986.13419

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since the plane sectoral horns have widely spaced shorter edges, the effect of the fringe currents on the gain will be insignificant and hence the confidence in Schelkunoff's plane sectoral horn gain formula. Although for horns with gains less than about 10 dB-and in general plane sectoral horns will have low gains-Schelkunoff's formula can be in error by as much as 1 dB [10], an optimistic assignment could be the 0.3 dB accuracy of (1) for pyramidal horns [11] to plane sectoral horns also.…”

Section: B Experimental Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental verification of the generalized Schelkunoff's horn-gain formulas for sectoral horns

Selvan

Sivaramakrishnan

Kini

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Section: B Experimental Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental verification of the generalized Schelkunoff's horn-gain formulas for sectoral horns

Selvan

Sivaramakrishnan

Kini

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The calibration of standard gain antennas is well established [11] and is commonly done using the three antenna gain method that can also determine polarization properties [12] needed in calibration. Such calibration can be performed in-house or by independent calibration services.…”

Section: Antenna Diagnostics and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication satellite antenna testing

Dybdal

2015

IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.

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C ommunication satellite systems necessarily require multi-disciplinary tests to assure and maintain effective system operation. This overview summarizes the overall testing for satellite communication systems and describes the subset of antenna and antenna-related testing in particular. Antenna test requirements address both RF and environmental specifications that include both launch and on-orbit extremes for space systems and wind and climate conditions for ground systems. In addition to characterizing antenna performance, other system test requirements have antenna-related measurements and test requirements. Satellite System RequirementsSatellite system evaluations have three distinct test phases, development tests, qualification tests, and on-orbit tests [1], as Fig. 1 shows. Development tests establish design compliance with system requirements. Qualification tests establish flight hardware that maintain the performance achieved in development testing, identify any workmanship shortfalls, and determine flight-worthiness of the integrated satellite. On-orbit tests initially establish operational compliance with the system's requirements, and have the capability to monitor, diagnose, and identify potential performance shortfalls over the satellite's lifetime.Ground segment evaluations [1] follow a similar path, as illustrated in Fig. 2. However, these evaluations must also address both cost effective tests for the large volume of user terminals manufactured and more extensive tests for large ground terminals (e.g., in mission control and gateway applications) and the additional requirements they have for system control and diagnostics. Ground segment designs significantly capitalize on available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products, require equipment selection between alternative vendors, and need to be developed using specific program requirements. The larger ground terminal antennas have decades-long lifetimes, and because of their cost, have separate sustainment plans that allow terminal antennas to incorporate and satisfy new requirements and to replace older equipment with maintenance issues.A requirement verification matrix is constructed at the program inception that describes the tests needed to demonstrate design compliance. This matrix is then used to determine test and facility requirements, instrumentation, test methodologies, software processing for the program, and detailed test plans. System designs must pay particular attention to provide an adequate number of test points to allow both characterization and diagnostic measurements. The space segment requires attention to telemetry points to provide insight for operational diagnostics. Larger ground terminals are typically financially incentivized by availability requirements and require close attention to redundancy and built-in-test equipment (BITE) capabilities to restore service in a timely fashion, particularly with today's trends toward remote operation. Providing proper attention to these issues at the program's inception is essential...

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“…The three-antenna extrapolation technique is one of the most accurate measurement techniques for determining antenna gain, where measurements made in the near-field are extrapolated to give the far-field gain. 10 The attractive advantages of implementing this technique in GD measurement is clear, which include: (1) it is an absolute measurement technique, i.e., no need for a reference standard; (2) antenna interaction and multiple reflections can be filtered out from the measured insertion loss at series of distances. 11 In this article, the methodology basing on the extrapolation technique is presented in Section 2, and the corresponding measurement procedure together with a practical example are described in Section 3, and finally the conclusion is given in Section 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To face the challenges presented by the wireless communication industry in the current scenario, it is crucial to design microwave components with features such as compactness, 1-3 harmonic suppression, multifrequency operation, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and good out of the band rejection performance. Especially, the design of multiband components is gaining a lot of interest because of their inherent ability to simultaneously operate at different frequencies and thereby saving crucial on-board space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An antenna group delay measurement method based on three‐antenna extrapolation and least residual error curve fitting technique

Lin

Song

Wang

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This article presents an antenna group delay (GD) measurement method based on the three‐antenna extrapolation technique and a least residual error curve fitting. The system GD is measured as a function of distances in an extrapolation range; then the antenna GD is determined together with antenna scattering characteristic (SC) defined by Kerns using GD variation curve fitting according to the measurement model and measured data. Measurement in frequency band of (1575.42 ± 16) MHz for a standard gain horn antenna is given, and the results of the antenna GD and SC at 1575.42 MHz are 2.83 ns and 0.36, respectively. The GD measurement results are with good agreement with our previously developed method, within a difference of 0.05 ns in the whole frequency band, and thus proposed method is cross‐checked. Although the proposed method is a little complicated and time consuming, its unique advantages are still prominent, as the optimization is a general solution for eliminating antenna multiple reflection; and the method can determine the two parameters of antenna GD and SC simultaneously.

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Calibration of microwave antenna gain standards

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental verification of the generalized Schelkunoff's horn-gain formulas for sectoral horns

Experimental verification of the generalized Schelkunoff's horn-gain formulas for sectoral horns

Communication satellite antenna testing

An antenna group delay measurement method based on three‐antenna extrapolation and least residual error curve fitting technique

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