Calibration of Proportional Controllers for the RTC of Pressures to Reduce Leakage in Water Distribution Networks

Campisano, Alberto; Modica, Carlo; Vetrano, L.

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000197

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, a DN350 plunger control valve is inserted in pipe 26-11, which connects the source node to the rest of the network. The valve curve ξ(α) considered for the plunger valve has the following form [10]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By making use of suitable algorithms operating on the pressure head measurements, a programmable logic controller sets the new suitable device setting to maintain the minimum desired pressure at the remote node(s). In the scientific literature of WDNs, the first study on service pressure RTC was carried out by Campisano et al [9], followed by many others [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Whereas the proportional algorithms of Campisano et al [9,10,12] only used the pressure head measurement at the critical node, Creaco and Franchini [11] set up a more effective algorithm that also makes use of the water discharge measurement in the pipe fitted with the control device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the scientific literature of WDNs, the first study on service pressure RTC was carried out by Campisano et al [9], followed by many others [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Whereas the proportional algorithms of Campisano et al [9,10,12] only used the pressure head measurement at the critical node, Creaco and Franchini [11] set up a more effective algorithm that also makes use of the water discharge measurement in the pipe fitted with the control device. Like the algorithm used by Campisano et al [9,10,12], the algorithm of Creaco and Franchini [11] has a parameter that needs to be tuned to ensure the maximum regulation performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the proportional algorithms of Campisano et al [9,10,12] only used the pressure head measurement at the critical node, Creaco and Franchini [11] set up a more effective algorithm that also makes use of the water discharge measurement in the pipe fitted with the control device. Like the algorithm used by Campisano et al [9,10,12], the algorithm of Creaco and Franchini [11] has a parameter that needs to be tuned to ensure the maximum regulation performance. Later, a parameter-less algorithm with only slightly worse performance than the algorithm of Creaco and Franchini [11] was proposed for the RTC of control valves [13] and variable speed pumps [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Numerically the Benefits of Water Discharge Prediction for the Remote RTC of WDNs

Creaco

2017

Water

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This paper explores numerically the benefits of water discharge prediction in the real time control (RTC) of water distribution networks (WDNs). An algorithm aimed at controlling the settings of control valves and variable speed pumps, as a function of pressure head signals from remote nodes in the network, is used. Two variants of the algorithm are considered, based on the measured water discharge in the device at the current time and on the prediction of this variable at the new time, respectively. As a result of the prediction, carried out using a polynomial with coefficients determined through linear regression, the RTC algorithm attempts to correct the expected deviation of the controlled pressure head from the set point, rather than the currently measured deviation. The applications concerned the numerical simulation of RTC in a WDN, in which the nodal demands are reconstructed stochastically through the bottom-up approach. The results prove that RTC benefits from the implementation of the prediction, in terms of the closeness of the controlled variable to the set point and of total variations of the device setting. The benefits are more evident when the water discharge features contained random fluctuations and large hourly variations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Numerically the Benefits of Water Discharge Prediction for the Remote RTC of WDNs

Creaco

2017

Water

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“…Since water leakage is strongly related to the pressure in the network, pressure management is needed to decrease the amount of water lost in pipes [23][24][25]. The use of PRVs to perform such pressure control strategies is common practice [26]; however, these do not allow performing any energy recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump

Morani

Carravetta

Fecarotta

et al. 2019

Water

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A new strategy to increase the energy efficiency in a water network exists using turbo pumps, which are systems consisting of a pump and a turbine directly coupled on a same shaft. In a turbo pump, the pump is fed by a turbine that exploits a surplus head in a freshwater network in order to produce energy for one system (wastewater) and reduce the excess pressure in another (drinking water). A pump as turbine (PAT) may be preferred over a classic turbine here due to its lower cost. The result of such a coupling is a PAT–pump turbocharger (P&P). In this research, the theoretical performance of a P&P plant is employed using data from a real water distribution network to exploit the excess pressure of a freshwater stream and to feed a pump conveying wastewater toward a treatment plant. Therefore, the P&P plant is a mixed PAT–pump turbocharger, operating with both fresh and wastewater. A new method to perform a preliminary geometric selection of the machines constituting the P&P plant has been developed. Furthermore, the plant operation has been described by means of a new mathematical model under different boundary conditions. Moreover, the economic viability of the plant has been assessed by comparison with a conventional wastewater pumping system working in ON/OFF mode. Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the investment has been evaluated in both situations for different time periods. According to the economical comparison, the PAT–pump turbocharger represents the most economically advantageous configuration, at least until the useful life of the plant. Such convenience amounts to 175% up to a time period equal to 20 years.

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Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio‐temporal patterns and socio‐economic controls

et al. 2017

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Recent U.S. Geological Survey water-use report suggests that increasing water-use efficiency could mitigate the supply-and-demand imbalance arising from changing climate and growing population. However, this rich data have neither analyzed to understand the underlying patterns, nor have been investigated to identify the factors contributing to this increased efficiency. A national-scale synthesis of public supply withdrawals ("withdrawals") reveals a strong North-south gradient in public supply water use with the increasing population in the South contributing to increased withdrawal. Contrastingly, a reverse South-north gradient exists in per capita withdrawals ("efficiency"), with northern states consistently improving the efficiency, while the southern states' efficiency declined. Our analyses of spatial patterns of per capita withdrawals further demonstrate that urban counties exhibit improved efficiency over rural counties. Improved efficiency is also demonstrated over high-income and well-educated counties. Given the potential implications of the findings in developing long-term water conservation measures (i.e., increasing block rates), we argue the need for frequent updates, perhaps monthly to annual, of water-use data for identifying effective strategies that control the water-use efficiency in various geographic settings under a changing climate.

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Calibration of Proportional Controllers for the RTC of Pressures to Reduce Leakage in Water Distribution Networks

Cited by 68 publications

References 20 publications

Exploring Numerically the Benefits of Water Discharge Prediction for the Remote RTC of WDNs

Exploring Numerically the Benefits of Water Discharge Prediction for the Remote RTC of WDNs

Energy Transfer from the Freshwater to the Wastewater Network Using a PAT-Equipped Turbopump

Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio‐temporal patterns and socio‐economic controls

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