“…(2) "giant" AND "magnetoresistance" AND "sensor" as shown in Figure 5. According to the strength of the measured field, MR sensor applications can be divided into three major categories: 1) measuring the Earth's magnetic field (~μT) [123- 125,[129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233], 2) measuring small variations of magnetic field (from ~μT to ~nT) [107,108,110,111,113,114,[116][117][118][119][120][121]234], and 3) measuring ultralow magnetic field (lower than ~nT) [16, 18-21, 23-31, 33-35, 37-40, 42-44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53-56, 222, 235].…”