Calibration of quartz tuning fork spring constants for non-contact atomic force microscopy: direct mechanical measurements and simulations

Falter, Jens; Stiefermann, Marvin; Langewisch, Gernot; Schurig, Philipp; Hölscher, Hendrik; Fuchs, Harald; Schirmeisen, André

doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.59

Cited by 21 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…From Fig. 2 we see that the spring constant k decreases up to 5% for tilted tips, which is consistent with results from an earlier numerical analysis [31]. Interestingly, the amount of glue does not have any effect on the spring constant as long as the tip is vertically oriented.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

Dagdeviren¹,

Schwarz²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Quartz tuning forks that have a probe tip attached to the end of one of its prongs while the other prong is arrested to a holder (“qPlus” configuration) have gained considerable popularity in recent years for high-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging. The small size of the tuning forks and the complexity of the sensor architecture, however, often impede predictions on how variations in the execution of the individual assembly steps affect the performance of the completed sensor. Extending an earlier study that provided numerical analysis of qPlus-style setups without tips, this work quantifies the influence of tip attachment on the operational characteristics of the sensor. The results using finite element modeling show in particular that for setups that include a metallic tip that is connected via a separate wire to enable the simultaneous collection of local forces and tunneling currents, the exact realization of this wire connection has a major effect on sensor properties such as spring constant, quality factor, resonance frequency, and its deviation from an ideal vertical oscillation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…1 visualizes the mesh distributions used for the calculations. As before, mesh densities are increased at material boundaries and locations where particularly high stress is expected [29–31]. Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

Dagdeviren¹,

Schwarz²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…Our values are not consistent with the range of 1480-1708 N/m estimated by Falter et al [29]. We expect that complications from the gluing of tips between the tuning fork tine and load cell may have contributed to the poor agreement between theory and experiment found in [29].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Several traceable calibration methods have been developed for micro-fabricated silicon cantilevers [19,20,21,22,23,24]. However, despite several attempts to determine spring constants for sensors based on quartz tuning forks [25,26,27,28,29], no comprehensive framework yet exists due to inconsistencies between results from different methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants

Melcher¹,

Stirling²,

Shaw³

2016

Nano Online

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AbstractqPlus sensors are widely used to measure forces at the atomic scale, however, confidence in these measurements is limited by inconsistent reports of the spring constant of the sensor and complications from finite tip heights. Here we combine a numerical investigation of the force reconstruction with an experimental characterization of the flexural mechanics of the qPlus sensor. Numerical studies reveal significant errors in reconstructed force for tip heights exceeding 400 μm or one sixth of the cantilever length. Experimental results with a calibrated nanoindenter reveal excellent agreement with an Euler-Bernoulli beam model for the sensor. Prior to the attachment of a tip, measured spring constants of 1902 ± 29 N/m are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions for the geometry and material properties of the sensor once a peaked ridge in the beam cross section is included. We further develop a correction necessary to adjust the spring constant for the size and placement of the tip.

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“…D. van Vörden e colaboradores criaram modelos para o modo qPlus [30], também estudado por J. Falter e colaboradores [31]; enquanto R. Oria e L. González fizeram simulações com o QTF excitado elé-tricamente [32,33]. Os resultados refentes à constante elástica real do QTF são constraditórios.…”

Section: Diagrama De Blocos Do Sistema De Ganhos Pid O Sinal De Inteunclassified

Cristais Osciladores De Quartzo Como Sensores Para Microscopia De Força Atômica

LEMOS¹

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AgradecimentosAo meu orientador, Rodrigo Prioli, mesmo com a distância sempre esteve disponível para resolver os problemas mais banais e as dúvidas mais triviais. Pelas discussões, pelo conhecimento e, não menos importante, pela paciência.À todos do grupo de Nanoscopia da PUC-Rio, o qual tive o prazer de fazer parte. À Paula, quem sempre me motivou durante o mestrado, e por toda a ajuda. À Elizandra, quem muito me ensinou e ajudou no começo. Ao Douglas, pelas discussões nos mais variados assuntos, acadêmicos ou não. Aos funcionários do Dep. de Física, em especial à Giza, por toda a ajuda nas questões burocráticas.Ao grupo do Laboratório de Optoeletrônica Molecular da PUC-Rio, em especial ao Harold, Rafael e Rian, pelas medidas na lupa.Ao Alexander, Jackes, Victor e ao Prof. Welles Morgado, pela Escola de Verão.Aos meus pais, por todo apoio, e ao meu irmão, pelas incontáveis caronas. Aos meus avós, por tudo. Ao meu padrinho Ernesto, pela ajuda financeira durante a graduação, e pelas discussões na mesa de jantar.À Pontifícia Universidade Católica, pela minha formação, a qual vai muito além do conhecimento acadêmico.À CAPES, ao CNPq e à FAPERJ pelo suporte financeiro, sem os quais este trabalho não poderia ter sido realizado. A caracterização de cristais osciladores de quartzo (QTF) foi realizada nesta dissertação com o objetivo de implementá-los como sensores de um microscópio de força atômica (AFM). O QTF possui várias vantagens em relação aos cantilevers tradicionais de silício. Utilizado em modos dinâmicos de operação do AFM, o QTF possui maior fator de qualidade e rigidez, permitindo melhor sensibilidade em força e o uso de baixas amplitudes de oscilação para imageamento do que cantilevers tradicionais. Nesse trabalho, parâmetros mecânicos e elétricos do QTF foram medidos. Além disto, um estudo da influência da adição de massa nos braços do QTF foi realizado. Para a implementação do QTF no AFM, um sistema de feedback composto de um amplificador lock-in e um amplificador diferencial foi desenvolvido e testado. Adicionalmente, um novo cabeçote para o microscópio foi desenvolvido para adaptar o QTF ao microscópio. The characterization of quartz tuning forks (QTF) was performed in this dissertation, aiming to implement them as sensors at an atomic force microscope (AFM). The QTF has several advantages over traditional silicon cantilevers. Used in dynamic AFM modes, the QTF has higher quality factor and stiffness, allowing better force sensitivity and lower amplitudes of oscillation for imaging than traditional cantilevers. In this work, electrical and mechanical parameters of the QTF were obtained. Furthermore, a study of the influence of additional mass on the QTF prongs was performed. To implement the QTF at the AFM, a feedback system composed of a lock-in amplifier and a differential amplifier was developed and tested. Additionally, a new microscope head was designed to adapt the QTF to the microscope. Palavras-chave

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Calibration of quartz tuning fork spring constants for non-contact atomic force microscopy: direct mechanical measurements and simulations

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants

Cristais Osciladores De Quartzo Como Sensores Para Microscopia De Força Atômica

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