Calibration of the space-borne microwave humidity sounder based on real-time thermal emission from lunar surface

Liu, Niutao; Jin, Ya‐Qiu

doi:10.1007/s11430-020-9701-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Near the polar region, the changes in subsolar latitude will cause seasonal variations in temperature and microwave T B , as demonstrated by Williams et al (2019) with their seasonal temperature maps made from Diviner observations. Liu & Jin (2020, 2021b) simulated these seasonal variations in microwave T B of the near side of the Moon, taking the real-time position of the Sun and its distance from the Moon into account. An important difference between the observations obtained from NOAA-18 and those from lunar missions like LRO/Diviner is that the latter received predominantly lunar radiation emitted perpendicular to the surface, whereas the former received lunar radiation emitted in all directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of a Lunar Eclipse at 89, 150, and 183 GHz

et al. 2023

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We describe the measurement of the brightness temperature of the Moon from space during a total lunar eclipse by using a microwave sounder aboard a weather satellite. Previous observations of lunar eclipses were inconsistent and did not cover the frequency range between 100 and 200 GHz. In this work, we seek to establish a reliable relationship between frequency and drop in brightness temperature during a total eclipse for millimeter wavelengths. For this purpose, we chose the eclipse on 2004 October 28, because it coincided with appearances of the Moon in the deep space view of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B on NOAA-15. It was therefore possible to measure its disk-integrated radiance at 89, 150, and 183 GHz at 100 minutes intervals. Our observations are, to the best of our knowledge, the only ones between 100 and 200 GHz, and demonstrate the nearly linear dependency on frequency of the maximum relative drop in effective temperature during an eclipse. The slope of this function is m = 0.00114 ± 0.00017 GHz−1 in the range 88–300 GHz. The good agreement between the variations of the effective lunar temperature and a new radiative-transfer model suggests that the Moon is suitable as a flux standard for microwave observations with beam sizes larger than 0.5°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%