“… Pettersson et al (1995) , Hansell (1996) , Webber et al (2022) , Miranda-González et al (2023) ). Moreover, lichen communities are used as indicators of atmospheric pollution ( Hawksworth and Rose 1970 , Richardson 1988 , McMullin et al 2016 , McMullin et al 2017a ), ecological continuity ( Tibell 1992 , Selva 2003 , Goward and Arsenault 2018 , Bell-Doyon et al 2021 , Wiersma and McMullin 2022 ) and biodiversity conservation value ( Goward 1994 , Malíček et al 2019 , Miller et al 2020 ). Lichens are also numerous; in Canada and the United States alone, there are 5823 species in 805 genera, including allied fungi ( Esslinger 2021 ).…”