California Encephalitis in Children

Hilty, Milo D.; Haynes, Ralph E.; Azimi, Parvin H.; Cramblett, Henry G.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110160068006

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The L virus typically cannot be recovered from cerebrospinal fluid, and the disease can masquerade as enteroviral meningitis when mild and as herpes simplex encephalitis when severe. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Currently, there is no antiviral therapy that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for La Crosse encephalitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] The typical patient in our population was a school-aged boy who presented with fever and headache that had begun three to four days previously, with progression to vomiting for one or two days and disorientation or seizures on the day of admission ( Table 1). The average duration of hospitalization was six days, and most of the children became afebrile by the third hospital day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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La Crosse Encephalitis in Children

et al. 2001

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

La Crosse Encephalitis in Children

et al. 2001

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“…It is difficult to assess the true incidence of these syndromes since they have often been collectively reported as LAC encephalitis in previous reports/studies [40], [41], [47]. Accurate reporting of the patients' clinical syndrome is necessary to determine and monitor the future rates of disease presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence Risk, Clustering, and Clinical Presentation of La Crosse Virus Infections in the Eastern United States, 2003–2007

2009

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BackgroundAlthough La Crosse virus (LACV) is one of the most common causes of pediatric arboviral infections in the United States, little has been done to assess its geographic distribution, identify areas of higher risk of disease, and to provide a national picture of its clinical presentation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographic distribution of LACV infections reported in the United States, to identify hot-spots of infection, and to present its clinical picture.Methods and FindingsDescriptive and cluster analyses were performed on probable and confirmed cases of LACV infections reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2003–2007. A total of 282 patients had reported confirmed LACV infections during the study period. Of these cases the majority (81 percent) presented during the summer, occurred in children 15 years and younger (83.3 percent), and were found in male children (64.9 percent). Clinically, the infections presented as meningioencephalitis (56.3 percent), encephalitis (20.7 percent), meningitis (17.2 percent), or uncomplicated fever (5 percent). Deaths occurred in 1.9 percent of confirmed cases, and in 8.6 percent of patients suffering from encephalitis. The majority of these deaths were in patients 15 years and younger. The county-level incidence risk among counties (n = 136) reporting both probable and confirmed cases for children 15 years and younger (n = 355) ranged from 0.2 to 228.7 per 100,000 persons. The southern United States experienced a significantly higher (p<0.05) incidence risk during the months of June, July, August, and October then the northern United States. There was significant (p<0.05) clustering of high risk in several geographic regions with three deaths attributed to complications from LAC encephalitis occurring in two of these hot-spots of infections.ConclusionsBoth the incidence risk and case fatality rates were found to be higher than previously reported. We detected clustering in four geographic regions, a shift from the prior geographic distributions, and developed maps identifying high-risk areas. These findings are useful for raising awareness among health care providers regarding areas at a high risk of infections and for guiding targeted multifaceted interventions by public health officials.

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“…While about 6–15% of patients that recover have recurrent seizures, the majority return to normal function with approximately 10% of patients suffering from sequelae following discharge from the hospital. Predictors of a poor outcome include hyponatremia, persistently elevated body temperature, and a Glascow Coma Score of <13 [100,102]. No antiviral therapy currently exists for the California encephalitis group of viruses and no vaccine is available.…”

Section: California Encephalitis Group (Lacrosse Virus) (Family: Bunymentioning

confidence: 99%