California Group Arboviruses in Florida and Report of a New Strain, Keystone Virus: Epidemiologic and Virological Observations in the Tampa Bay Area

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies were directed in part by Dr. Emily H. Gates, biological studies by Dr. Wil¬ liam L. Jennings, entomological identification by Karen Meadows, serologic work by Florence Y. Lewis, and statistical analyses by Ingrid Baughman. all on the staff of the Encephalitis Research Center. Public Health Service research grant A1-05504-02,03 partly supported the studies in Florida. De¬ partment of the Army contract DA-49-193-MD-2042 and Public Health Service research grant Al-02686 partly supported the studies at the Uni¬ versity of Pittsburgh, which were sponsored by the Commission on Viral Infections, Armed Forces Epidemiological Board.

Canine LaCrosse Viral Meningoencephalomyelitis with Possible Public Health Implications

“…8 In a previous study, osteophytes were found in the lumbar vertebrae of adult boars, but they did not cause vertebral canal stenosis. 3 Vertebral fractures have been associated with lactation osteoporosis, 6 electrocution, 1 and suppurative spondylitis.…”

“…This is the first report of canine LACV infection in the state of Florida, although reports indicate high populations of the vector mosquito in this area. 8,21,32,43,47 LACV is an RNA Bunyavirus, included in the California serogroup that includes snowshoe hare, Jamestowne Canyon, and trivittatus viruses reported to cause human disease in North America. 44 LACV was first isolated in LaCrosse, Wisconsin, in 1964 from the brain of an encephalitic child.…”

The natural history of trivittatus virus in central Iowa

“…New isolates were assigned to existing serological groups or established as groups in themselves when other isolates were shown to be serologically related. Consequently, the CEV prototype isolated in 1943 (Mammon and Reeves 1952) became the nucleus of the California group when later isolates were shown to have a serological affinity to CEV (Mammon and Sather 1966). When Whitman and Shope (1962) found that California group viruses were related to Bunyamwera group viruses, the Bunyamwera supergroup was formed which included a number of smaller groups (World Health Organization 1967).…”

“…Mammon and Sather (1966) cited an electron microscopy study that reported a virion also in the 50-60 nm size range for CEV.…”

“…LaCrosse virus was isolated from the brain of a 4-year-old girl who died of encephalitis in Wisconsin in 1960 (Thompson et al 1965); Jamestown Canyon virus (JTC) was isolated from Culiseta inornata in Colorado in 1961 (LaMotte 1967); Jerry Slough virus [jtS) was isolated from Cu. inornata in California in 1963 (Reeves.1967b); and Keystone virus (KEY) was isolated from mixed pools of A. atlanticus and A. tormentor in Florida during 1964 (Bond et al 1966). Sather and Mammon (1967) used the complement-fixation test as the major tool in a detailed serological study of the California group.…”