California Serogroup Virus Infection Associated with Encephalitis and Cognitive Decline, Canada, 2015

Webster, Duncan; Dimitrova, Kristina; Holloway, Kimberly; Makowski, Kai; Safronetz, David; Drebot, Michael A.

doi:10.3201/eid2308.170239

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1 The primary amplifying host animals are white-tailed deer and other free-ranging ungulates, including moose and bison. 1,3,4 Non-Culex mosquitos (e.g., Aedes, Culiseta, Anopheles) are the main vectors, and the virus can be passed on to progeny by transovarial transmission. 1 Jamestown Canyon virus is found in the saliva of infected mosquitoes, and transmission to humans (and other animals) may occur when an infected mosquito takes a blood meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The incubation period for California serogroup viruses is about three to seven days. 4 It is thought that most infections with Jamestown Canyon virus are asymptomatic. 1 The exact ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic cases is unclear, but it has been estimated to be in the range of 1:100 to 1:1500.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In certain cases of severe illness, a combination of IgM and plaque reduction neutralization testing on sera should be considered when California serogroup virus IgM is not initially found. 4 Neuroinvasive infections due to Jamestown Canyon virus are infrequently reported in Canada, despite data supporting that a large part of the population is at risk for exposure. The paucity of reported cases is likely related, at least in part, to a large number of infections being subclinical or presenting with nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, that resolve spontaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Vosoughi

Walkty

Drebot

et al. 2018

CMAJ

Self Cite

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A 26-year-old man with no substantial medical history presented to an academic emergency department in Winnipeg with a headache and associated neurologic symptoms. The patient reported that earlier in the day while driving a car, he had felt a sudden tingling and numbness in his right foot. This subsequently spread up the right side of his body to his right leg, right arm, and the right side of his face. The episode lasted about 10 minutes before the symptoms spontaneously resolved. Later the same day, a second episode of rightsided numbness occurred. This time, the symptoms were associated with difficulty speaking, prompting the patient to go to the emergency department.Between 45 and 60 minutes after the onset of symptoms, the patient had a moderate-to-severe throbbing headache. The speech and sensory problems resolved within 2 hours and 30 minutes, whereas the headache improved within 11 hours. The patient reported no history of migraine headaches. During the visit to the emergency department, computed tomography (CT) imaging of the brain, CT angiogram of the cervical and cranial arteries and unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain done with diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping were all unremarkable. The patient returned home the same day with a diagnosis of migraine with aura.Two days later, the patient woke up early in the morning with numbness and tingling in his left foot, which gradually spread over several minutes to his left arm and the left side of his face, and was associated with a headache and a milder degree of speech impairment in the form of word-finding difficulty. No visual symptoms were reported. The patient again presented to the emergency department for further evaluation. Within 1 hour his neurologic deficits had improved, but he continued to complain of a severe bifrontal throbbing headache, with associated nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. The headache was worse with standing and activity. The patient reported no fever, chills, sweats, neck stiffness or rash. A review of systems was otherwise negative. The patient lived in Winnipeg and reported no recent travel outside of Manitoba. He had no contact with animals or people who were ill. There was no history of tick exposure. However, the patient did report numerous recent mosquito bites.On physical examination, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable, with a blood pressure of 165/97 mm Hg and a heart rate of 70 beats/min. Cardiac, respiratory and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. No nuchal rigidity or rash was seen. The neurologic examination showed blurring of the optic disk margins bilaterally. Basic electrolytes, serum creatinine and liver enzymes were within normal limits. The patient had a normal total white blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count. Additional CT imaging of the brain was unremarkable. Electroencephalography did not show any epileptiform discharges. A repeat MRI of the brain showed suspected leptomeningeal enhancement over both co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Vosoughi

Walkty

Drebot

et al. 2018

CMAJ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main vector for EEEV is Culiseta melanura (11,12) and the main vectors for CSGV are a variety of non-Culex mosquitoes species (e.g. Aedes, Culiseta and Anopheles species) (13)(14)(15). Included in the CSGV are Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare viruses.…”

Section: Endemic Mosquito Species In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of endemic mosquito-borne diseases in Canada due to climate change

Ludwig¹,

Zheng²,

Vrbova³

et al. 2019

CCDR

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There are currently over 80 species of mosquito endemic in Canada-although only a few of these carry pathogens that can cause disease in humans. West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus and the California serogroup viruses (including the Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare viruses) are mosquito-borne viruses that have been found to cause human infections in North America, including in Canada. Over the last 20 years, the incidence of most of these endemic mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) has increased approximately 10% in Canada, due in large part to climate change. It is anticipated that both the mosquito lifecycle and virus transmission patterns will be affected by climate change, resulting in an increase in both the range and local abundance of several important mosquito species. Laboratory studies and mathematical modelling suggest that increased ambient temperatures, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events associated with climate change will likely continue to drive mosquito vector and MBD range expansion, increasing the duration of transmission seasons and leading to MBD-related epidemics. Furthermore, Canada's endemic MBDs have complex transmission cycles, involving multiple reservoir hosts (birds and mammals), multiple pathogens and multiple mosquito species-all of which may be sensitive to climate and other environmental changes, and making forecasting of potential emerging trends difficult. These expected climate-induced changes in mosquitoes and MBDs underline the need for continued (and expanded) surveillance and research to ensure timely and accurate evaluation of the risks to the public health of Canadians. Affiliations

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“…Les principaux moustiques vecteurs du virus du Nil occidental sont le Culex pipiens et le Cx.restuans dans l'Est du Canada et le Cx.tarsalis dans l'Ouest du Canada (10). Le principal vecteur du virus EEE est le Culiseta melanura (11,12) et les principaux vecteurs des virus du sérogroupe Californie sont une variété d'espèces de moustiques de catégories autres que le Culex (p.ex., les espèces Aedes, Culiseta et Anopheles) (13)(14)(15). Les virus Jamestown Canyon et Snowshoe hare font partie du sérogroupe Californie.…”

Section: Espèces De Moustiques Endémiques Au Canadaunclassified

Augmentation du risque de maladies endémiques au Canada transmises par des moustiques en raison du changement climatique

Ludwig¹,

Zheng²,

Vrbova³

et al. 2019

RMTC

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California Serogroup Virus Infection Associated with Encephalitis and Cognitive Decline, Canada, 2015

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Increased risk of endemic mosquito-borne diseases in Canada due to climate change

Augmentation du risque de maladies endémiques au Canada transmises par des moustiques en raison du changement climatique

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