Callery pear invasion in prairie restorations is predicted by proximity to forest edge, not species richness

Woods, Michaela J.; Dietsch, Grace; McEwan, Ryan W.

doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02861-z

Biol Invasions

2022

DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02861-z

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Callery pear invasion in prairie restorations is predicted by proximity to forest edge, not species richness

Michaela J. Woods

Grace Dietsch²,

Ryan W. McEwan³

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Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

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Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs

Primka,

Chen,

Wan

et al. 2024

Plant Soil

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Background and aims Woody plant encroachment poses a significant threat to grasslands globally, and in the southcentral USA, juniper (Juniperus virginiana) is rapidly taking over large areas of grasslands. Despite ongoing research, the reasons behind the rapid encroachment of juniper species in Oklahoma remain elusive. We hypothesized that the interaction between juniper canopy, aeolian, and wet-deposition processes lead to a modification in trace-element inputs through stemflow and throughfall. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in determining the success of juniper encroachment. Methods We measured the influx of trace-elements in stemflow and throughfall beneath juniper canopies of different sizes, contrasting the results with those obtained under ambient precipitation. Results Our research unveiled a significant influence of the juniper canopy on trace-element inputs via stemflow and throughfall. Specifically, there was a significant increase in manganese, boron, and chlorine inputs, coupled with a decrease in copper inputs. Additionally, there was an increase in most cations and sulfate. Results Our results indicate that juniper encroachment alters the profile of trace-element, cation, and anion inputs beneath their canopies. Increased levels of manganese and reduction of copper inputs into the ecosystem may enhance the juniper growth, creating a positive feedback mechanism that could contribute to the success of juniper and other woody encroachers.

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Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs

Primka,

Chen,

Wan

et al. 2024

Plant Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Pyrus calleryana extracts reduce germination of native grassland species, suggesting the potential for allelopathic effects during ecological invasion

Woods

Bauer

Schaeffer

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Invasive plant species’ success may be a result of allelopathy, or the release of secondary metabolites that are harmful for surrounding plant species. Allelopathy can be mediated through the abiotic environment by chemical sorption or transformation, so the substrate on which interactions occur can lead to differential outcomes in allelopathic potential. One aggressive invader, Pyrus calleryana, has become dominant in many ecosystems throughout Eastern US, and has reduced the abundance of native species where it invades. Thus, our goal was to identify if P. calleryana had allelopathic potential by testing the impact of leaf and flower leachate on gemination of six common grassland species (three grasses and three forbs) in either sterilized sand or field collected soils. Germination of five out of six tested species was reduced by P. calleryana leaf litter, with weaker impacts from flower leachate. This suggests that allelopathy is one mechanism driving the success of P. calleryana and that allelopathic effects may change with plant phenology. For instance, P. calleryana has late leaf senescence in the fall and copious blooming in the spring that may elongate the timeframe that allelopathic inhibition can occur. Further, germination was higher in sand than in soil, suggesting that the context of the abiotic environment can mediate this relationship. In our study, two grass species that could be overabundant in restored grasslands had higher germination rates in soil than sand and one was not altered by P. calleryana suggesting that this relationship could further promote the overabundance of grass species. Taken together, P. calleryana likely inhibits the germination of native species where it invades, but there is context dependency of this relationship with both soil chemistry and seasonality.

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Callery pear invasion in prairie restorations is predicted by proximity to forest edge, not species richness

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs

Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs

Pyrus calleryana extracts reduce germination of native grassland species, suggesting the potential for allelopathic effects during ecological invasion

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