Callus induction and high-efficiency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in Papaver nudicaule L., an ornamental medicinal plant

Abstract

We describe culture conditions for a high-efficiency in vitro regeneration system of Papaver nudicaule through somatic embryogenesis and secondary somatic embryogenesis. The embryogenic callus induction rate was highest when petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg l -1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg l -1 6-benzyladenine (BA) (36.7%). When transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, 430 somatic embryos formed asynchronously from 90 mg of embryogenic callus in each 100-ml flask. Early-stage somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing 1.0 mg l -1 BA and 1.0 mg l -1 NAA to germinate at high frequency (97.6%). One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 1.0 mg l -1 GA 3 had the highest frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos (91.2%). Over 90% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated in the greenhouse. Secondary somatic embryos were frequently induced directly when the excised hypocotyls of the primary somatic embryos were cultured on MS medium without PGRs. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the induction of secondary embryos. The highest induction rate (89.5) and number of secondary somatic embryos per explant (9.3) were obtained by 1% sucrose. Most secondary embryos (87.2-94.3%) developed into the cotyledonary stage on induction medium. All cotyledonary secondary embryos were converted into plantlets both in liquid and on semisolid 1/3-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose.

Effects of methyl jasmonate and phloroglucinol on thebaine and sanguinarine production in cell suspension culture of Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.)

“…The type of explants tends to have a great effect on the induction of callus (25). This response has been observed at the present study just like the previous reports in other species of Papaveraceae such as Hylomeconvernalis (26) and Papaver nudicaule (27). Auxins and cytokinins play a crucially important role in regulating growth and morphogenesis in plant tissue culture, as was supported in this study.…”

Induction of somatic embryogenesis from female flower buds of elite Schisandra chinensis

“…This process has certain advantages compared with primary SE, such as independence from explants, ease of maintenance, high induction frequency, and repeatability (Dai et al 2010). Moreover, secondary SE frequently occurs on medium lacking plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Nair and Gupta 2006;Yang et al 2010b). For many plant species, the efficiency of plant conversion is higher with secondary embryos than with primary embryos (Raemakers et al 1995).…”

High frequency somatic embryogenesis, regeneration and correlation of alkaloid biosynthesis with gene expression in Papaver somniferum

“…However, an efficient plant regeneration system is prerequisite for development of transformation system of these plants with objectives related to pathway engineering through manipulation of alkaloid biosynthetic genes. Several genotypes have been reported to undergo somatic embryogenesis in poppy, but in most of these, conversion rates of somatic embryos into normal plantlet remained very poor due to poor polarization during apical meristem development (Park and Facchini 2000;Stasolla and Yeung 2003;Steinmacher et al 2007;Yang et al 2010). Here, we developed in vitro cell culture and regeneration protocol (Fig.…”