Callus induction and regeneration in Spirodela and Lemna

Abstract

The development of tissue culture systems in duckweeds has, to date, been limited to species of the genus Lemna. We report here the establishment of an efficient tissue culture cycle (callus induction, callus growth and plant regeneration) for Spirodela oligorrhiza Hegelm SP, Spirodela punctata 8717 and Lemna gibba var. Hurfeish. Significant differences were found among the three duckweed species pertaining to carbohydrate and phytohormone requirements for callus induction, callus growth and frond regeneration. In vitro incubation with poorly assimilated carbohydrates such as galactose ( S. oligorrhiza SP and L. gibba var. Hurfeish) and sorbitol ( S. punctata 8717) as sole carbon source yielded high levels of callus induction on phytohormone-supplemented medium. Sorbitol is required for optimal callus growth of S. oligorrhiza SP and S. punctata 8717, while sucrose is required for callus growth of L. gibba var. Hurfeish. Sucrose either alone ( S. oligorrhiza SP, L. gibba var. Hurfeish) or in addition to sorbitol ( S. punctata 8717) is required for frond regeneration.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID DOSES ON SEED YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

“…Vijayakumar et al (2010) reported 50-95% shoot regeneration frequency whereas, Karataş and Aasim (2014) (Akaracharanya et al, 2001), Trapa japonica Flerov (Hoque et al, 2001), Spartina alterniflora (Wang et al, 2003), Lemna gibba var. Hurfeish and Spirodela punctata (Li et al, 2004) Ludwigia repens (Öztürk et al, 2004) and B. monnieri (Praveen et al, 2009). Results further revealed that increase of TDZ siginificantly decreased the palntlets per explants in line with Karataş et al(2013b) for dwarf hygro and B. monnieri (Karataş and Aasim, 2014).…”

Genetic transformation of Indian isolate of Lemna minor mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and recovery of transgenic plants

“…The commercial application of duckweeds for large scale production of recombinant proteins and bioremediation requires a reliable and efficient genetic transformation protocol (Yamamoto et al 2001). However, attempts to transform Lemnaceae species have been only partially successful because of limited availability of efficient callus induction and regeneration protocols (Li et al 2004;Chhabra et al 2007). The gene transfer in duckweed in general and in L. minor in particular has, so far, been difficult and challenging because of their inherent recalcitrance to in vitro culture and regeneration from cells and calli.…”

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

“…It was reported that requirements for sugars for callus induction in duckweed were species-specific (Li et al 2004;Khvatkov et al 2015). S. oligorrhiza SP callus was successfully induced from 91-95% of the explants on CIM with 2% sorbitol plus 1% maltose; in the case of W. arrhiza, CIM containing 0.7% sorbitol plus 0.7% mannitol and 2.6% glucose supported callus induction; callus was induced at the rate of over 95% of the S. punctata explants on CIM with 1% sorbitol; frond explants were precultured for 2 weeks on CIM with 1% sucrose to induce callus formation in L. gibba var.…”

“…Hurfeish, L. minor and W. arrhiza, when sugar supplements and specific PGRs were critical determinants for callus induction, callus growth and frond regeneration (Li et al 2004;Cox et al 2006;Vunsh et al 2007;Rival et al 2008;Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012;Khvatkov et al 2015).…”

“…The commercial application of Lemnaceae for a plant expression system requires an efficient callus induction, plant regeneration and genetic transformation technology (Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012). Due to the limitation of the genus Lemna, among the 38 species of Lemnaceae, a frond regeneration system from callus has so far been established in L. gibba, L. minor, L. perpusilla, S. oligorrhiza and W. arrhiza (Li et al 2004;Cox et al 2006;Vunsh et al 2007;Rival et al 2008;Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012;Khvatkov et al 2015).…”