CALLUS INDUCTION OF Sonchus arvensis L. AND ITS ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

Background: Malaria is a global health problem that requires urgent need for new drugs. Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) possesses many potential medicinal compounds. As the plant is originally found wild, it is important to reproduce its secondary metabolites by tissue culture. The objectives of this study were to look for effective methods to induce callus from leaf explants of Sonchus arvensis L. and to test its in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Materials and Methods: The leaves and petioles of the plant were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with indole acetic-3-acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyl amino purine (BAP), in light and dark incubations. The best results obtained from callus induction were then treated by with several concentrations of sucrose (1-5%). The best results from callus induction were then extracted with methanol for antiplasmodial test by Trager and Jensen's method. It was also tested against 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Results: The combination of 1mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP in dark incubation was the best treatment for callus induction of tempuyung. It produced the best quality of callus and the shortest period for callusing. Sucrose treatment had various effects on leaves callusing, but had no effect on petioles callusing, whereby 4% sucrose was the best treatment for leaves callusing in dark incubation. The methanol extract of the best callus had anti-plasmodial activity with IC50=0.343 µg/mL. Conclusion: Methanol extract of tempuyung callus shows potential as an antimalarial drug but more studies would be required.

Growth, secondary metabolite production, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. callus under dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] treatment

“…The antiplasmodial test referred to the method of Rieckmann et al [22], which was later modified by Wahyuni et al [11]. The callus extract was tested against P. falciparum strain 3D7 at ring stage.…”

“…Many studies show that S. arvensis L. possesses antioxidant activity, uric acid-lowering activity, anti-inflammatory activity [8], immunomodulatory activity [9], and antibacterial activity [10]. In addition, a previous report showed that S. arvensis L. callus has antimalarial activity [11].…”

Callus Culture as an Alternative Source of Secondary Metabolites in Curtailing Malaria Epidemic

“…Conservation and large scale production of these bioactive secondary metabolites are additional benefits of in vitro techniques. It's on the strength of this technique that Wahyuni et al [14] reported a protocol for callus induction explants (leaf) from S. arvensis and determined its antimalarial activity by in vitro assay. According to their report, the combination of 1mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP yield maximum callus within a short time and the in vitro assay has a significant antimalarial activity [14].…”

“…It's on the strength of this technique that Wahyuni et al [14] reported a protocol for callus induction explants (leaf) from S. arvensis and determined its antimalarial activity by in vitro assay. According to their report, the combination of 1mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP yield maximum callus within a short time and the in vitro assay has a significant antimalarial activity [14]. The report suggests that S. arvensis callus extract is an excellent potential candidate for malaria treatment.…”

Characterization of the complete plastome sequence of perennial sowthistle,Sonchus arvensis(Asteraceae)

“…In addition to being an early successional inhabitant on recently disturbed sites, S. arvensis is known for containing several active pharmaceutical compounds (Lemna and Messersmith 1990 ; Wahyuni et al. 2020 ). In the case of the phylogenetic position of S. arvensis , it is closely related to diploid (2 n = 2 x = 18) perennial species of Sonchus , including S. maritimus and S. crassifolius in sect.…”