Caloric Requirements of Patients With Brain Impairment and Cerebral Palsy Who Are Dependent on Chronic Ventilation

Abstract

The caloric expenditure of these patients is very low. A diet guided by indirect calorimetry is proposed to aid in providing optimal nutrition support for this unique population to avoid overfeeding and obesity.

Neuromuscular complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

“…See Figure 2 legend for details of criteria). 18,19 In contrast, a similar pooled analysis of patients treated with nivolumab (PD-1 antibody) reported 38% AEs, only 4% of which were severe or worse (at the treatment dose). 20 IrAEs represent a fraction of overall AEs occurring in approximately 10% of those treated with PD-1/PDL-1 therapy and 15% of those treated with CTLA therapy.…”

“…In a pooled safety analysis of clinical trials approximately 85% of patients treated with ipilimumab (CTLA‐4 antibody) had an AE; 25% were severe or worse (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] ≥ grade 3. See Figure legend for details of criteria) . In contrast, a similar pooled analysis of patients treated with nivolumab (PD‐1 antibody) reported 38% AEs, only 4% of which were severe or worse (at the treatment dose) .…”

“…CTCAE is a 5‐point scale in which 1 is mild or asymptomatic, 2 is moderate, 3 is severe or medically significant but not life threatening, 4 is life threatening and 5 is death. There are more specific criteria for some disease processes but not for the neurologic diagnosis discussed in this study . Cases were assigned a severity if a CTCAE severity was not provided and there was sufficient information available.…”

“…There are more specific criteria for some disease processes but not for the neurologic diagnosis discussed in this study. 19 Cases were assigned a severity if a CTCAE severity was not provided and there was sufficient information available. Of the neuropathy cases displayed, all with non GBS/ CIDP polyneuropathy were grade 2, whereas the majority of those with GBS or CIDP were more severe ( Supplementary Table S1).…”

“…Muscle Nerve 58: [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]2018 The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) are monoclonal antibodies that harness the power of a patient's immune system to treat cancer by modulating the interaction between an antigen presenting cell (APC) and a T-lymphocyte. 1 These therapies effectively reduce metastatic tumor burden, improve overall survival, and reduce cancer-related morbidity.…”