Calorie for Calorie, Dietary Fat Restriction Results in More Body Fat Loss than Carbohydrate Restriction in People with Obesity

Hall, Kevin D.; Bemis, Thomas; Brychta, Robert J.; Chen, Kong Y.; Courville, Amber B.; Crayner, Emma J.; Goodwin, Susan; Guo, Juen; Howard, Lilian; Knuth, Nicolas D.; Miller, Bernard V.; Prado, Carla M.; Siervo, Mario; Skarulis, Monica C.; Walter, Mary; Walter, Peter J.; Yannai, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.021

Cited by 238 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The RMR measurements were performed using indirect calorimetry (TrueOne metabolic cart, ParvoMedics, Sandy, UT) following a 12‐h overnight fast. Participants rested supine in a quiet, darkened room for 30 min before making measurements of VO 2 and VCO 2 for 20 min with the last 15 min used to determine RMR according to:

RMR (kcal) = 3 {. 85 \times VO}_{2} (L) + 1 {. 07 \times VCO}_{2} (L)

which assumes that protein oxidation contributes 15% to the energy expenditure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition

Fothergill

Guo

Howard

et al. 2016

Obesity

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520

444

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Objective To measure long-term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of The Biggest Loser competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30 week competition, and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age. Results Of the 16 Biggest Loser competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow-up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean±SD) 58.3±24.9 kg (p<0.0001) and RMR decreased by 610±483 kcal/d (p=0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0±31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (p=0.0002) while RMR was 704±427 kcal/d below baseline (p<0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499±207 kcal/d (p<0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition’s end (r=−0.1, p=0.75) but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r=0.59, p=0.025). Conclusions Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.

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RMR (kcal) = 3 {. 85 \times VO}_{2} (L) + 1 {. 07 \times VCO}_{2} (L)

which assumes that protein oxidation contributes 15% to the energy expenditure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition

Fothergill

Guo

Howard

et al. 2016

Obesity

Self Cite

520

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The unhealthy, high‐caloric diet particularly fatty foods is the critical factor for chronic diseases. Interestingly, obesity can be prevented by reducing calorie intake and restricting dietary lipid absorption (Hall et al, ). The lipolysis of ingested dietary lipids by pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) is the primary cause of excess calorie intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from Vigna unguiculata act as noncompetitive inhibitors of pancreatic lipase

2019

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The consumption of legumes positively correlated with the reduction of body weight. In the present study, we identified and evaluated pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata and unraveled their mode of inhibition. The highly sensitive fluorometric method was adopted to access the pancreatic lipase activity and the ethanolic extract of Vigna unguiculata showed the maximum inhibition (IC50 of 15.2 µg/ml). Cyanidin and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside are the major anthocyanins observed in Vigna unguiculata. The IC50 value of cyanidin was 28.29 µM which was 6.5‐fold higher than the cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (188.28 µM). We determined an apparent Ki of 27.28 µM for cyanidin and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (88.97 µM) with noncompetitive inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that the glycosylation of the anthocyanidins significantly reduces lipase inhibition. The noncompetitive inhibition of pancreatic lipase by Vigna unguiculata anthocyanins may exert significant pharmacological activities toward obesity complications by calorie restriction. Practical applications The results of this study emphasize the importance of legumes in our diet to combat obesity‐related complications. Consumption of legumes minimizes fat absorption by inhibiting the action of the fat‐digesting enzyme.

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“…Unexpectedly in the study by Hall et al [3], RF decreased the plasma levels of ghrelin, a hormone stimulating appetite, whereas RC increased it. This suggests that RF decreases appetite compared to RC.…”

Section: Altered Adaptation To Macronutrient Oxidation Underlies Redumentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The same group (Hall et al) investigated the mechanisms underlying altered body fat loss between a low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet in humans by precisely estimating the energy balance and macronutrient oxidation [3]. In this study, 19 people classified as obese (mean BMI 36 kg/m 2 ) were admitted to metabolic wards.…”

Section: Altered Adaptation To Macronutrient Oxidation Underlies Redumentioning

confidence: 99%