Calorific value and fire risk of selected fast-growing wood species

Martinka, Jozef; Martinka, Filip; Rantuch, Peter; Hrušovský, Ivan; Blinová, Lenka; Balog, Karol

doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6660-2

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar results were achieved also by Yavorov et al [37], who were engaged in determining the potential of fast-growing hardwood species from Bulgaria (Paulownia elongata, Populus alba, and Salix viminalis RUBRA), and Martinka et al [39] who studied the calorific value and fire risk of selected fast-growing hardwood species (Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii, Salix alba L.).…”

Section: Gross Calorific Value Heating Value and Ash Content Analysessupporting

confidence: 81%

Energy Potential of Biomass Sources in Slovakia

Majlingová¹,

Lieskovský²,

Sedliak³

et al. 2020

Green Energy and Environment

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Renewable energy has provided many potential benefits, including a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the diversification of energy supplies, and a reduced dependency on fossil fuel markets (oil and gas in particular). The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) may also have the potential to stimulate employment in the European Union (EU), through the creation of jobs in new green technologies. In this chapter, first, we introduce the information on renewable energy sources, their statistics, and legislation background in Slovakia. In more detail, we further introduce the information on forest and agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source. In the experimental part, we introduce two case studies-the assessment of the potential stock of woody biomass and the determination of energetic properties of woody biomass, i.e., selected fastgrowing tree species based on the implementation of laboratory fire tests and calorimetric analyses. 2Among renewable energies, the most important source in the EU-28 was wood and other solid biofuels, accounting for 42.0% of primary renewable production in 2017 (Figure 1).Wind power was, for the first time, the second most important contributor to the renewable energy mix (13.8% of the total), followed by hydropower (11.4%). Although their levels of production remained relatively low, there was a particularly rapid expansion in the output of biogas, liquid biofuels, and solar energy, which accounted, respectively, for a 7.4, 6.7, and 6.4% share of the EU-28's renewable energy produced in 2017. Ambient heat (captured by heat pumps) and geothermal energy accounted for 5.0 and 3.0% of the total, respectively, while renewable wastes increased to reach 4.4%. There are currently very low levels of tide, wave, and ocean energy production, with these technologies principally found in France and the United Kingdom [1].In 2018, the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption reached 18.0% in the European Union (EU), up from 17.5% in 2017 and more than double the share in 2004 (8.5%), the first year for which the data are available.Gross final consumption of energy is defined in the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC [2] as the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes to industry, transport, households, services (including public services), agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, including the consumption of electricity and heat by the energy branch for electricity and heat production and including losses of electricity and heat in distribution and transmission [1].The increase in the share of renewables is essential to reach the EU climate and energy goals. The EU's target is to reach 20% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020 and at least 32% by 2030.The European Council endorsed a 2030 Framework for Energy and Climate for the Union based on four key Union-level targets: a reduction of at least 40% in economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; an indicative target of improvement in energy efficiency of at least 27%, to be reviewed...

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Section: Gross Calorific Value Heating Value and Ash Content Analysessupporting

confidence: 81%

Energy Potential of Biomass Sources in Slovakia

Majlingová¹,

Lieskovský²,

Sedliak³

et al. 2020

Green Energy and Environment

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“…Ash content was determined by incineration at 550 • C in an LAC L 09/12 muffle furnace with an Ht 40 AL controller (LAC Ltd., Rajhrad, Czech Republic) pursuant to the standard ISO 18122:2015 [41]. The measurement method, including the thermal program, was described by Martinka et al [42] and Gendek et al [43]. For each type of material, 8 samples were prepared and weighed with an accuracy of 0.00001 g using a WPA 40/160/C/1 laboratory balance (RADWAG, Radom, Poland).…”

Section: Ash Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Selected Physical Properties of Conifer Cones with Relevance to Energy Production Efficiency

Aniszewska

Gendek

2018

Forests

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The paper presents gross and net calorific values, ash content, conversion factors, and bulk density for different-sized spent cones of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., Norway spruce Picea abies L., European larch Larix decidua Mill., and Silver fir Abies alba Mill. harvested from various sites. Gross and net calorific value and bulk density were measured in accordance with the relevant EN and ISO standards. The density conversion factors were determined based on free space measurement by means of water immersion. Gross calorific value for Scots pine, Norway spruce,

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“…The samples containing 0, 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80, and 90% of water were used to examine the effect of water content on the flash point. To examine the impact of water content on the effective heat of combustion (EHC), heat release rate (HRR), maximum heat release rate (mHRR), maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE), and CO yield (per unit mass loss and unit released heat), samples containing 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of water were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Content on Energy Potential and Combustion Characteristics of Methanol and Ethanol Fuels

2019

Self Cite

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Methanol and ethanol are among the most important biofuels and raw materials used to produce biorenewable fuels. These fuels are used with varying water contents. Nevertheless, the exact impact of the water content of these fuels on the energy potential and combustion characteristics is still unknown. Besides that, there are two noticeable risks (environmental impact of combustion and fire risk) associated with their production, processing, and utilization. Likewise, impact of the water content of these fuels on fire risk and the impact of their combustion on the environment is also unknown. The best indicator of energy potential is the effective heat of combustion, and the best combustion characteristic and indicator of the impact of the combustion of alcohols on the environment is the carbon monoxide (CO) yield, whereas the fire risk of liquid fuels is quantified by the flash point and maximum heat release rate (mHRR). The dependency of flash point on the water content was determined via the Pensky-Martens apparatus and the dependencies of the effective heat of combustion, CO yield, and mHRR on the water content were determined via the cone calorimeter. With increased water content, the flash points of both methanol and ethanol exponentially increased and the both effective heat of combustion and mHRR almost linearly decreased. In the range of water content from 0 to 60%, the CO yield of both methanol and ethanol was practically independent of the water content.

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Calorific value and fire risk of selected fast-growing wood species

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Energy Potential of Biomass Sources in Slovakia

Energy Potential of Biomass Sources in Slovakia

Analysis of Selected Physical Properties of Conifer Cones with Relevance to Energy Production Efficiency

Impact of Water Content on Energy Potential and Combustion Characteristics of Methanol and Ethanol Fuels

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