Calorimetric-time-of-flight technique for determination of energy spectra of particles from a high intensity pulsed proton target

CTOF measurements and Monte Carlo analyses of neutron spectra for the backward direction from an iron target irradiated with 400–1200MeV protons

“…The proton beam energy values were determined with an error of approximately 0.5% in the proton energy value. The average radial distribution of protons in the beam has been obtained [1,2] for this experiment and was compatible with a Gaussian of a full-width at halfmaximum of 24 mm. A proton beam hits a face plane of target placed on the ZOMBE facility (see Fig.…”

“…Detailed description of the experimental facility construction, the calorimetric-time-offlight (CTOF) technique, method of data taking, and experimental results for tungsten target irradiated by protons have recently been described in Ref. [1,2]. Therefore, only a brief description of the ZOMBE facility and the CTOF technique needed for understanding the problem is presented in this paper.…”

The CTOF measurements and Monte Carlo analyses of neutron spectra for backward direction from tungsten target irradiated by protons with energies from 200 to 1200MeV

“…The proton beam energy values were determined with an error of approximately 0.5% in the proton energy value. The average radial distribution of protons in the beam has been obtained [1] for this experiment and was compatible with a Gaussian of a full-width at half-maximum of 24 mm. A proton beam hits a face plane of target placed on the ZOMBE facility [1] (see Fig.…”

“…[1]. So, a brief description of the ZOMBE facility and the CTOF technique needed for understanding the problem is presented in this paper.…”

CTOF measurements and Monte Carlo analyses of neutron spectra for the backward direction from a lead target irradiated with 200–1000 MeV protons

“…, where S(E) is the energy spectrum of particles emitted from a target, e f (E) is the sensitivity of the detector, dE/dt is the time derivative of the particle energy for r-distance detector, and k is a coefficient. The sensitivity e f (E) of the detector to neutrons (and cosmic μ-meson ( eμ )) was calculated by the RTS&T code [4] and is presented in previous our articles [1][2][3]. We used the time integral of a photometric signal of the scintillator caused by a cosmic μ-meson signal for determination of the k-coefficient, i.e.…”