DREAM/calsenilin/KChIP3 is a calcium binding protein of the neuronal calcium sensor superfamily. DREAM interacts with DRE (downstream regulatory element) sites in the DNA to regulate transcription and with many proteins to exert specialized functions in different subcellular compartments. Work from different laboratories has identified a growing list of interacting proteins that constitutes the DREAM interactome. The knowledge of these interactions has greatly contributed to the understanding of the various physiological functions of DREAM. 1 DREAM, a multifunctional protein DREAM (Antagonist Modulator of DRE sites) was cloned in a functional screening of a cDNA library from human striatum as a transcriptional repressor able to form tetramers and bind to the DRE site in the proximal promoter of the human prodynorphin gene [1,2]. DREAM is expressed in brain, thyroid gland, immune system, heart and gonads and is one of four highly conserved members of the KChIP (potassium channel interacting protein) subfamily of neuronal calcium sensors [3,4]. DREAM, also known as calsenilin [5] or KChIP3 [3], is a calcium binding protein that contains three functional EF-hand motifs (Figure 1) and interacts with DRE (downstream regulatory element) sites in the DNA and with many proteins to exert specialized functions in different subcellular compartments [6]. Binding of calcium induces a structural change in DREAM that precludes binding to DNA and modifies the interaction with some proteins but not with others. For instance, Ca 2+ -bound DREAM does not interact with CREB [7] or with the PSD-95 protein [8], while the interaction of DREAM with presenilins [5], with potassium channels of the Kv4 class [3] or with the TSH receptor [9], is not affected by calcium.A key property of DREAM is the ability to form homomers or heterotetramers with other KChIP proteins, which results in different affinities for DNA binding to DRE sites proximal to the transcription start site, leading to transcriptional repression of target genes [2,4,10,11]. The DRE sequence was defined as the element responsible for basal and induced expression of the prodynorphin gene, encoding a protein involved in nociception as well as in learning and memory [12,13]. More recent studies, however, have shown that many other genes also contain DRE sites and are regulated by DREAM. For instance, DRE sites contribute to basal and induced expression of a number of immediate early transcription factors including c-fos, c-jun and ICER [2,4]. In addition to its regulation by calcium, binding of DREAM to DNA is hampered by its interaction with phosphoCREM [14], while interaction with other transcription