Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Nofal, Ashlee P.; Santos, Quinton Marco Dos; Jirsa, Franz; Avenant‐Oldewage, Annemariè

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.09.007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Parasitic nematodes were collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, North-West province, South Africa (Nofal et al , 2022). Specimens were fixed in either steaming hot 70% ethanol, room temperature 70% ethanol, steaming hot triethanolamine formalin or steaming hot 10% neutral buffered formalin, while other specimens were processed live.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for isolating camallanid (Nematoda) spicules for scanning electron microscopy

2023

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In nematodes, the structure of male copulatory organs is a significant taxonomic distinguisher and includes the morphometry of the spicules. The description of these structures mainly relies on the study of whole mounts using light microscopy. In rare instances, protruding spicules have been described with scanning electron microscopy. Even fewer studies have described the ultrastructure of isolated spicules following their isolation. In the present study, two different methods of spicule isolation were performed on two parasitic camallanid nematodes, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec & van As, 2015 and Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923), from African sharptooth catfish to determine the practicality and efficiency of the methodologies. The first method involved using sharpened tungsten needles and microdissection of the spicule pouch to free the spicules, followed by soft tissue digestion if necessary. Alternatively, the spicules were isolated through mechanical release instead of dissection in a method developed in the current study. This involved freeing the spicules from surrounding soft tissue by placing live specimens between a coverslip and a glass slide in a drop of water and exerting pressure with small rotational movements. Both methods yielded favourable results, but Method 2 is recommended for future studies due to the many advantages.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for isolating camallanid (Nematoda) spicules for scanning electron microscopy

2023

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“…Fish infected with the Camallanus sp. parasite become weak, exhibit wounds, and their bodies become emaciated [32], this parasite does not infect directly but can kill its host [33].…”

Section: Presence Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites Infestation on Cultured Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the Impact of Fish Health

Pattipeiluhu,

Rijoly,

Sahetapy

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Barramundi Lates calcarifer is one of the leading marine aquaculture commodities in Indonesia, therefore fish health should be observed. This study was conducted to determine the type and number of parasites present in barramundi, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of parasite and the number of leukocytes in each individual, based on the level of infestation. This study used a quantitative descriptive method, using a total of 30 fish with two different sizes of host of ± 20 cm (large) and ±5 cm (small) each as many as 15 individuals. The results showed that size of host samples influenced the number of parasites infested with the prevalence of 40%, while ectoparasite 20%. This may due to differences in the living environment as well as the larger host provides more space to the parasites. The ectoparasites found in barramundi, namely Trichodina sp, Cryptocaryon sp, Benedenia sp, Diplectanum sp and endoparasites, namely Camallanus sp. Ectoparasites Trichodina sp. has the highest mean intensity of 20%. The highest mean abundance on large fish was 3.2 ind/fish on ectoparasite and endoparasites was 0.07 ind/fish. The lowest leukocytes were 179.82 103/μl (19.6 cm) and the highest in sample number three was 218 103/μl (20 cm), all exceeded the normal amount of leucocytes cells for fish was uninfected.

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Effects of water quality on fish parasite biodiversity and physiological responses in the host fish Clarias gariepinus from a eutrophic lake subjected to acid mine drainage in South Africa

Latief,

Gilbert,

Avenant‐Oldewage

2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Elevated concentrations of contaminants have negative impacts on aquatic organisms and their parasites. Changes in parasite infections have been proposed as a technique for monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, alterations in physiological responses (biomarkers) of organisms have also been used to delineate ecosystem quality. Lake Heritage is situated along the Crocodile River in Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa and is subject to contamination by acid mine drainage. Clarias gariepinus is a well‐studied bioindicator species and host to numerous endo and ectoparasites. The aims of this study were to delineate the health status of Lake Heritage through a multifaceted approach by comparing the water quality, biomarker responses and parasite biodiversity of C. gariepinus, compared to unexposed laboratory‐reared fish. Physical and chemical water quality parameters were determined with a hand‐held probe, test kits and element analysis with ICP‐MS. Biomarker responses in the gill, liver and muscle tissues from C. gariepinus were assessed for total protein, metallothioneins, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione concentrations and activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase. Results for water quality variables showed higher pH, nitrate, hardness and copper levels compared to the South African Target Water Quality Guidelines. Catalase activity, and concentrations of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione showed a response in C. gariepinus to the water quality. Ectoparasites had lower prevalence and mean intensity than endoparasites. However, there were no differences in the physiological responses between infected and uninfected hosts. The study shows that the eutrophic conditions in Lake Heritage cause biomarker responses in the host when compared to host fish in laboratory conditions.

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Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

An improved method for isolating camallanid (Nematoda) spicules for scanning electron microscopy

An improved method for isolating camallanid (Nematoda) spicules for scanning electron microscopy

Parasites Infestation on Cultured Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the Impact of Fish Health

Effects of water quality on fish parasite biodiversity and physiological responses in the host fish Clarias gariepinus from a eutrophic lake subjected to acid mine drainage in South Africa

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