Cambios cardiovasculares y hemodinámicos en la paciente con preeclampsia

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that represents one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system undergoes physiological changes to adapt to the increased blood flow needed for fetal development. These changes include vasodilation and increased cardiac output. However, in preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction occurs, affecting the relaxation of blood vessels and causing a reduction in placental perfusion. This can lead to serious complications for both mother and fetus. Ultrasound plays a crucial role in the management of preeclampsia. It allows assessment of hemodynamic and structural changes in the pregnant woman's cardiovascular system, which helps to identify early signs of dysfunction and risk of complications. Knowledge of cardiovascular changes in preeclampsia is essential for anesthesiologists and other health care professionals who provide perioperative care to these patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and continuous monitoring of hemodynamic changes by ultrasound allows them to make informed decisions and provide optimal care during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.