Cambios Cinemáticos Del Tiro De Baloncesto en Niñas en Función De La Distancia

Abstract

El propósito del estudio fue identificar cambios significativos en las variables cinemáticas del tiro de baloncesto con relación a la distancia desde el aro en jugadoras infantiles de la rama femenil. Participaron niñas entre 10 y 11 años de edad pertenecientes a la Selección Estatal Sonorense de Baloncesto, con experiencia de práctica deportiva de cuando menos dos años. Los sujetos realizaron tiros a la canasta a distancias de 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 metros del aro y se midieron las variables cinemáticas respuesta de ángulos relativos del codo y rodilla, y de ángulos absolutos de hombro y tronco. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) en las medias de las variables cinemáticas a causa de la distancia de tiro, excepto en distancias adyacentes en las variables de ángulo de codo (4-5m, 3-4m), inclinación del tronco (4-5m), ángulo de rodilla (4-5-6m, 3-4m) y ángulo absoluto del hombro (3-4m). Los resultados sugieren que realizar un alto volumen de repeticiones de tiro a la canasta en distancias mayores a cuatro metros distorsiona significativamente la técnica del tiro, lo que provoca la generación de un hábito motor incorrecto. Palabras clave: baloncesto, infantil femenil, tiro a la canasta, distancia, cinemática.

The Jump Shot Performance in Youth Basketball: A Systematic Review

“…Twelve documents were selected for this analysis ( Table 1 ). Evidence was synthesized according to the following variables: (i) distance variation to the basket (four studies) [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]; (ii) fatigue (four studies) [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]; (iii) presence of a defender (two studies) [ 9 , 25 ]; (iv) visual information available (two studies) [ 12 , 26 ]. One of the documents has reported data on the JS performance both on a defender’s presence and on the players’ gaze behavior (visual information) [ 25 ].…”

“…Regarding distance to the basket, the first study among six girls aged between 10 and 11 years considered a two-dimension kinematic analysis used to analyze the effects of five shooting distances to the basket (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 m) on the JS performance [ 19 ]. Authors have focused their attention on the angles formed by the shoulder, elbow and knee joint.…”

“…The ball release variables were not assessed. However, the authors pointed out a high variability of the movement pattern as the distance to the basket was increased [ 19 ].…”

“…Indeed, at longer distances to the basket, players need to adapt their body segments to generate a greater impulse to shoot, since the ball’s trajectory will be longer [ 4 ]. Thus, joints’ angular velocities tend to increase, and the angles formed by the body’s segments tend to decrease as a way to create an appropriate impulse to shoot [ 4 , 14 , 19 ].…”

“…The angles formed by the joints have also been used on the assessment of the shooting motor action. In girls aged 10–11 years, authors reported the decrease in the mean values of the angles formed by the elbow, shoulder and knee joint when the performance at a shorter distance (2 m) was compared with the performance at a longer distance (6 m) [ 19 ]. In fact, in the knee joint’s particular case, the minimum knee flexion value is a good indicator of the squat movement performed during the shot’s preparatory phase, which will have a significant repercussion on the jump phase.…”