Cambios en el patrón de tabaquismo de la población: Barcelona, 1983–2006

Villalbí, Joan R.; Rodríguez-Sanz, Maica; Villegas, Rodrigo; Borrell, Carme

doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2008.09.031

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…54,55 Smoking was associated with perceived sexism in Spanish women, as has been reported in studies about racial discrimination in the United States. 56,57 Smoking can be a mechanism to cope with the stress of perceived gender discrimination.…”

Section: Perceived Sexism and Health Outcomessupporting

confidence: 56%

Perceived Sexism as a Health Determinant in Spain

Borrell

Artazcoz

Gil‐González

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

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Objectives: The goals of the present study are to explore the association between perceived sexism and selfperceived health, health-related behaviors, and unmet medical care needs among women in Spain; to analyze whether higher levels of discrimination are associated with higher prevalence of poor health indicators and to examine whether these relationships are modified by country of origin and social class. Materials and methods:The study is based on a cross-sectional design using data from the 2006 Spanish Health Interview Survey. We included women aged 20-64 years (n ¼ 10,927). Six dependent variables were examined: four of health (self-perceived health, mental health, hypertension, and having had an injury during the previous year), one health behavior (smoking), and another related to the use of the health services (unmet need for medical care). Perceived sexism was the main independent variable. Social class and country of origin were considered as effect modifiers. We obtained the prevalence of perceived sexism. Logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to study the association between sexism and poor health outcomes. Results: The prevalence of perceived sexism was 3.4%. Perceived sexism showed positive and consistent associations with four poor health outcomes (poor self-perceived health, poor mental health, injuries in the last 12 months, and smoking). The strength of these associations increased with increased scores for perceived sexism, and the patterns were found to be modified by country of origin and social class. Conclusion: This study shows a consistent association between perceived sexism and poor health outcomes in a country of southern Europe with a strong patriarchal tradition.

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Section: Perceived Sexism and Health Outcomessupporting

confidence: 56%

Perceived Sexism as a Health Determinant in Spain

Borrell

Artazcoz

Gil‐González

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Overall, men had a higher proportion of current smokers over time than women, but the sex difference decreased over time. Our findings of a decreasing smoking trend in both men and women with a slower decrease rate among women are in agreement with other studies in high-income countries [14][15][16][17], where this is described as a consequence of the later adoption of smoking as a widespread habit by women. Reasons for this time lag include multiple sociocultural factors such as social disapproval of female smoking in the early twen- ) and SAPALDIA3 (2010/11) associated with SF36-scores of "social functioning" and "energy and vitality" are adjusted for age, sex, study area, civil status, educational level, nationality, BMI, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, number of cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol consumption, physical activity, new dog ownership, presence of chronic cough, chronic phlegm and asthma, depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and pulmonary function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Across the three surveys of SAPALDIA in 1991, 2002 and 2010/11, both genders showed an increasing proportion of former smokers and a decreasing prevalence of current smoking. This trend was previously reported in another Swiss study [6], as well as in other countries such as Spain [14], the UK and Australia [15]. Overall, men had a higher proportion of current smokers over time than women, but the sex difference decreased over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Factors associated with cessation of smoking among Swiss adults between 1991 and 2011: results from the SAPALDIA cohort

Ayala-Bernal

Probst‐Hensch

Rochat³

et al. 2017

Swiss Med Wkly

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“…Environmental concentrations of nicotine decreased by an average of 97% in workplaces, and by 60–67% in healthcare or educational settings (where they were already low due to prior regulation) 13. In addition, tobacco consumption has continued its decline, as shown both by cigarette sales data and by population surveys, but this process takes place cumulatively and is relatively small for any single year: the annual difference in daily smoking prevalence was estimated to be −0.57% for women and −1.15% for men around that time 21 22. Over the last few years there have been other relevant changes in the management of ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors, including increasing efforts to control high blood pressure, lipids or diabetes in primary care, fibrinolytic treatment of coronary episodes before hospitalisation, and increasing use of primary or secondary angioplasty 23 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extension of smoke-free areas and acute myocardial infarction mortality: before and after study

Villalbí

Sánchez²,

Benet³

et al. 2011

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesRecent studies suggest that comprehensive smoking regulations to decrease exposure to second-hand smoke reduce the rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective of this paper is to analyse if deaths due to AMI in Spain declined after smoking prevention legislation came into force in January 2006.DesignInformation was collected on deaths registered by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística for 2004–2007. Age- and sex-specific annual AMI mortality rates with 95% CIs were estimated, as well as age-adjusted annual AMI mortality rates by sex. Annual relative risks of death from AMI were estimated with an age-standardised Poisson regression model.ResultsAdjusted AMI mortality rates in 2004 and 2005 are similar, but in 2006 they show a 9% decline for men and a 8.7% decline for women, especially among those over 64 years of age. In 2007 there is a slower rate of decline, which reaches statistical significance for men (−4.8%) but not for women (−4%). The annual relative risk of AMI death decreased in both sexes (p<0.001) from 1 to 0.90 in 2006, and to 0.86 in 2007.ConclusionThe extension of smoke-free regulations in Spain was associated with a reduction in AMI mortality, especially among the elderly. Although other factors may have played a role, this pattern suggests a likely influence of the reduction in population exposure to second-hand smoke on AMI deaths.

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Cambios en el patrón de tabaquismo de la población: Barcelona, 1983–2006

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Perceived Sexism as a Health Determinant in Spain

Perceived Sexism as a Health Determinant in Spain

Factors associated with cessation of smoking among Swiss adults between 1991 and 2011: results from the SAPALDIA cohort

The extension of smoke-free areas and acute myocardial infarction mortality: before and after study

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