Cambrian stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Flinders Ranges and the north coast of Kangaroo Island, South Australia

Jago, James B.; Gehlîng, James G.; Paterson, John R.; Brock, Glenn A.; Zang, Wenlong

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i1/024

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar storm‐influenced environments are proposed for the dark grey to black laminated mudstones of the Emu Bay Shale (Jago et al . ), the Alum (Thickpenny & Leggett ) and Burgess Shales (Gabbott et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoredox geochemistry and bioturbation levels of the exceptionally preserved early Cambrian Indian Springs biota, Nevada, USA

Strang¹,

Armstrong²,

Harper³

et al. 2016

LET

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The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (SP), Peary Land, North Greenland, occurs in black slates deposited at or just below storm wave base. It represents the earliest Cambrian microbial mat community with exceptional preservation, predating the Burgess Shale by 10 million years. Trilobites from the SP are preserved as complete, three‐dimensional, concave hyporelief external moulds and convex epirelief casts. External moulds are shown to consist of a thin veneer of authigenic silica. The casts are formed from silicified cyanobacterial mat material. Silicification in both cases occurred shortly after death within benthic cyanobacterial mats. Pore waters were alkali, silica‐saturated, high in ferric iron but low in oxygen and sulphate. Excess silica was likely derived from remobilized biogenic silica. The remarkable siliceous death mask preservation opens a new window on the environment and location of the Cambrian Explosion. This window closed with the appearance of abundant mat grazers later as the Cambrian Explosion intensified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoredox geochemistry and bioturbation levels of the exceptionally preserved early Cambrian Indian Springs biota, Nevada, USA

Strang¹,

Armstrong²,

Harper³

et al. 2016

LET

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“…The earliest Cambrian stratigraphy of South Australia (Jago et al, 2012) continues the late Ediacaran sedimentary character with siliciclastic units at its base. In the northern Flinders Ranges ( Figure 3) the Uratanna Formation is a shallowing upward, incision-fill succession, up to 400 m thick (Mount and McDonald, 1992;Jensen et al, 1998), resembling the Ediacara Member.…”

Section: Basal Cambrian Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 96%

Ediacaran stratigraphy and the biota of the Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia

Gehlîng

Droser

2012

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does not adequately describe the combination of passive margin and rift-based basin, but it does acknowledge the tectonics involved in accumulation of >20 km of strata, in 300 Myr (Preiss, 1987; Williams et al., 2008). Preiss (2000) subdivided the successions into the Warrina, Heysen and Moralana supergroups. These record, in turn, at least three phases of rifting during the break up of Rodinia and the Sturt glaciation, followed by evolution of the Centralian Superbasin, and the Delamerian Orogeny with rifting E and SE of the Adelaide Geosyncline in the Cambrian. Diapiric intrusions of massive and flow-banded carbonate cemented breccias with disorganised megaclasts of sedimentary and igneous rocks occur in the cores of anticlines and as apophyses along fault systems throughout the Flinders Ranges (Preiss, 1985). Diapiric breccias appear to be sourced from the Callanna Group, the basal succession of sedimentary strata in the Adelaide Geosyncline (Figure 2). Where outcropping, these carbonates, siliciclastics and volcanics show evidence of intercalated shallow marine, evaporitic and terrestrial sedimentation that accompanied the early rifting stage in the evolution of the Adelaide Geosyncline. Neoproterozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology The Heysen Supergroup (Figure 2), consisting of the Umberatana and Wilpena groups, records the mid to late Cryogenian Sturt and Elatina glaciations (Preiss et al., 2011; Williams et al., 2008, 2011) succeeded by the Ediacaran intermittent return to warmer climates and the rise of multicellular organisms in the Ediacara biota. The base of the Cryogenian has yet to be defined. Heysen Supergroup This supergroup encompasses the entire succession in the central Flinders Ranges other than the diapiric rocks sourced from the base of the underlying Warrina Supergroup (Preiss, 1985, 1993). In the central Flinders Ranges the 4.5 km thick Umberatana Group encompasses the two main phases of glacial deposition (see Thomas et al., 2012). The carbonaceous, calcareous and pyritic Tindelpina Shale Member, of the interglacial Tapley Hill Formation, caps the Fe-rich diamictite and tillite formations of the Sturt glaciation. The upper Cryogenian glacials of the Elatina Formation are truncated by the Nuccaleena Formation at the base of the Wilpena Group and the Ediacaran System. a combination of geochemical, paleobiological and stratigraphic events, to offset the limitations of the Neoproterozoic paleontological record, is required to bracket this interval of Earth history. Fossils of the Cryogenian, Ediacaran and Cambrian document a series of unexpected quantum leaps in the size and diversity of life.

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“…Nevertheless, there is some high-fidelity preservation; most notably, the brain, nervous system and eyes of Kerygmachela (Park et al 2018). The preservation of muscles in three dimensions is rare in Cambrian Lagerstätten, having been documented only in Campanamuta and Pambdelurion in the Sirius Passet fauna; muscles have been also identified in specimens of Myoscolex from the Emu Bay Shale in South Australia (Briggs & Nedin 1997), a site, like Sirius Passet, not currently considered to be BST (Jago et al 2012;Paterson et al 2016) owing to the effects of early and/or late diagenetic mineralization (Gaines 2014). Moreover, the remarkable preservation of guts in Campanamuta (Strang et al 2016a) and midgut glands in the lobopodian Pambdelurion indicates the evolution of carnivory and macrophagy within the trajectory of arthropod evolution (Vannier et al 2014).…”

Section: Preservation and Taphonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland: a remote window on the Cambrian Explosion

Harper

Hammarlund

Topper

et al. 2019

JGS

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The lower Cambrian Lagerstätte of Sirius Passet, Peary Land, North Greenland, is one of the oldest of the Phanerozoic exceptionally preserved biotas. The Lagerstätte evidences the escalation of numbers of new body plans and life modes that formed the basis for a modern, functionally tiered ecosystem. The fauna is dominated by predators, infaunal, benthic and pelagic, and the presence of abundant nekton, including large sweep-net feeders, suggests an ecosystem rich in nutrients. Recent discoveries have helped reconstruct digestive systems and their contents, muscle fibres, and visual and nervous systems for a number of taxa. New collections have confirmed the complex combination of taphonomic pathways associated with the biota and its potentially substantial biodiversity. These complex animal-based communities within the Buen Formation were associated with microbial matgrounds, now preserved in black mudstones deposited below storm wave base that provide insight into the shift from late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) to Cambrian substrates and communities. Moreover, the encasing sediment holds important data on the palaeoenvironment and the water-column chemistry, suggesting that these animal-based communities developed in conditions with very low oxygen concentrations.

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Cambrian stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Flinders Ranges and the north coast of Kangaroo Island, South Australia

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Palaeoredox geochemistry and bioturbation levels of the exceptionally preserved early Cambrian Indian Springs biota, Nevada, USA

Palaeoredox geochemistry and bioturbation levels of the exceptionally preserved early Cambrian Indian Springs biota, Nevada, USA

Ediacaran stratigraphy and the biota of the Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia

The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland: a remote window on the Cambrian Explosion

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