Camcording-Resistant Forensic Watermarking Fallback System Using Secondary Watermark Signal

Mareen, Hannes; Courteaux, Martijn; Praeter, Johan De; Asikuzzaman, Md.; Wallendael, Glenn Van; Pickering, Mark; Lambert, Peter

doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3042882

Cited by 11 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The core idea of the proposed method is to perform fallback watermark detection using perceptual hashes of secondary watermarks. This is much faster in comparison with using the uncompressed secondary watermark signals, which is done in our previous work [4]. Additionally, perceptual hashes require much less storage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To improve the robustness of existing uncompressed-domain watermarking methods, our previous work proposed a fallback detection method that aims to detect the watermark when the traditional watermarking method cannot [4]. First, it was demonstrated that a secondary watermark signal is automatically and indirectly created during compression of a video with a primary watermark that was embedded by an existing method.…”

Section: Fallback Detection Using Secondary Watermarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most importantly, perceptual hashes are compact, easy to compute and fast to search for in a large database. These are properties that are missing but desired in the slow fallback watermark detection method of our previous work [4]. Thus, it is interesting to combine forensic watermarking and perceptual hashing, which is proposed in Section 3.…”

Section: Perceptual Hashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After creating a perceptual hash of each secondary watermark and the leaked video using the procedure described in Section 3.1, the proposed fallback detection method can be performed, which is described in this section. The proposed method is based on the same concepts as the slow fallback detection method of previous work [4], yet it is much faster due to using perceptual hashes.…”

Section: Fast Fallback Detection Using Perceptual Hashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To increase the level of robustness of existing watermarking techniques, our previous work proposed a fallback method that aimed to still detect the watermark when the traditional detection methods fail [4]. Rather than using the primary watermark that was embedded by the traditional method, the fallback uses a secondary watermark that consists of compression artifacts that are automatically created during compression of a primarywatermarked video.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

et al. 2021

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Forensic watermarking is often used to enable the tracing of digital pirates that leak copyright-protected videos. However, existing watermarking methods have a limited robustness and may be vulnerable to targeted attacks. Our previous work proposed a fallback detection method that uses secondary watermarks rather than the primary watermarks embedded by existing methods. However, the previously proposed fallback method is slow and requires access to all watermarked videos. This paper proposes to make the fallback watermark detection method faster using perceptual hashes instead of uncompressed secondary watermark signals. These perceptual hashes can be calculated prior to detection, such that the actual detection process is sped up with a factor of approximately 26,000 to 92,000. In this way, the proposed method tackles the main criticism about practical usability of the slow fallback method. The fast detection comes at the cost of a modest decrease in robustness, although the fast fallback detection method can still outperform the existing primary watermark method. In conclusion, the proposed method enables fast and more robust detection of watermarks that were embedded by existing watermarking methods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Fallback Detection Using Secondary Watermarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perceptual Hashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fast Fallback Detection Using Perceptual Hashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

et al. 2021

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Blind Camcording-Resistant Video Watermarking in the DTCWT and SVD Domain

et al. 2022

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Video watermarking techniques can be used to prevent unauthorized users from illegally distributing videos across (social) media networks. However, current watermarking solutions are unable to embed a perceptually invisible watermark which is robust to the distortions introduced by camcording. These watermark-disrupting distortions include lossy compression, the addition of noise, frame-rate conversion and geometric distortions. In this paper, a novel video watermarking technique is proposed that is blind and robust to camcording attacks. The proposed approach uses the integration of the dualtree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to achieve robustness against geometric attacks. The experimental results validate our technique's superior imperceptibility and robustness to several attacks when compared to existing peer mechanisms. In conclusion, the proposed technique can be used to protect against illegal distribution of video content.INDEX TERMS Video watermarking, singular value decomposition (SVD), dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), geometric attacks, camcording attacks.

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Watermarking for Large-Scale Video Distribution through Out-of-the-Loop Frame Replacement

Mareen

Valcke

Hallaert

et al. 2022

2022 10th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP)

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Forensic watermarking is used in large-scale videodistribution applications to track digital pirates after they illegally leak videos. Existing methods either have a high embedding complexity or have troubles providing imperceptibility and robustness. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel watermarking method that has a low embedding complexity, as well as sufficient imperceptibility and robustness. The main novelty is that frames are replaced out of the loop, which has a very low complexity. This is inspired by A/B watermarking, yet applied on frame level rather than video-segment level. The resulting drift-error artifacts are used for robust watermark detection. Additionally, a faster watermark detection method is proposed at the cost of a decrease in embedding capacity. We show that the drift errors caused by frame replacement are imperceptible, and that our method has a negligible impact on the video bitrate. Moreover, we demonstrate a high level of robustness. These interesting properties come at the cost of a non-blind detection with a relatively high complexity, that is partially solved by the proposed fast detection method. Additionally, a high detection complexity is not necessarily a problem since detection occurs infrequently and recent speed-up solutions exist. In conclusion, the proposed method is a novel and scalable solution that enables secure largescale video distribution.

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Camcording-Resistant Forensic Watermarking Fallback System Using Secondary Watermark Signal

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

Blind Camcording-Resistant Video Watermarking in the DTCWT and SVD Domain

Watermarking for Large-Scale Video Distribution through Out-of-the-Loop Frame Replacement

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