Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Geresu, Minda Asfaw; Leliso, Shubisa Abera; Liben, Galma Wako

doi:10.1155/2021/9993571

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The 17.6% prevalence of subclinical camel mastitis observed in this study was lower than that reported previously in sub-Saharan Africa [ 5 – 7 , 13 , 16 , 17 ]. Further, the findings that Streptococcus species of bacteria were the common causative agent of camel mastitis agree well with the reports from other studies in Kenya [ 5 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Mastitis is among the most important diseases of camels and has a worldwide distribution [5]. The disease can be either clinical or subclinical [6][7][8] and is associated with significant economic losses. These losses are attributed to the cost of treatment, reduced milk production, compromised quality of milk and public health concerns due to the widespread use of antimicrobials [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies have shown that udder infections in lactating camels are widespread. In Africa, mastitis in camels has been reported in Egypt [ 6 , 14 ]; Somalia [ 8 ]; Ethiopia [ 7 , 15 ]; and Kenya [ 5 , 16 , 17 ]. The reported prevalence of camel mastitis under pastoralism in Kenya ranges from 46 to 93.3% [ 5 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: The one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) adapt very well to arid and semi-arid (ASALs) environments and continue to thrive and produce milk even during severe droughts when cattle, sheep, and goats experience high mortalities. These attributes make the dromedaries very vital for the survival of pastoralists, especially in the ASALs of Africa. Mastitis is among the most important diseases of camels and can cause significant economic losses, thereby endangering the livelihoods of pastoralists. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial sensitivity of mastitis-causing pathogens in lactating camels in Isiolo County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in July and August 2021. A questionnaire was administered to the camel keepers to capture data on herd-level factors. Lactating camels were then examined for any visible signs of clinical mastitis and as well as to capture data on other animal-level factors such as age, weight, and body condition score. A composite milk sample was collected aseptically from randomly selected camels in a herd. The samples were initially tested for somatic cell counts (SCC) using Somatos mini® automatic cell counter. Culture and sensitivity testing was then carried out on any milk sample that had SCC ≥ 200,000 cells/mL. The descriptive analysis was initially used to summarize the continuous and categorical farm and camel factors, while mixed regression models were used to explore the association between/across mastitis and the farm as well as camel-level factors. Results: A total of 210 lactating camels from 23 herds were selected and sampled in this study. The average age of camel keepers was 48.3 ± 16.3 years and they were involved in rearing camels for a mean of about 14.3 ± 8.6 years. The total number of camels in a herd ranged from 10 to 287, with the mean total herd milk production being 34.5 ± 24.9 L/day. The mean daily milk production per camel was 2.8 ± 1.7 L while the range for days in milk was between 21 and 787 days. The average age of camel first calving and the inter-calving interval was 56.3 ± 9.9 and 27.7 ± 9.9 months, respectively. The median parity of the dam was three and the body condition score was two. About 39.7% (83/210) of the sampled camels had clinical mastitis during the current lactation. The overall prevalence of mastitis (SCC ≥ 200,000 cells/mL) in camels was 17.6%. The main pathogens isolated were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria. Streptococcus isolates were mainly sensitive to ampicillin and resistant to cefaclor. All 18 Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, while 12/18 isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The factors that were significantly associated with mastitis were the age of the respondent (p = 0.038), the number of years involved in camel rearing (p = 0.024), presence of clinical mastitis since calving (p = 0.039), body condition score (p = 0.040), and age of the dam at the time of examination (p = 0.072). Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that mastitis is an important condition among camels in the pastoral communities of Isiolo County, Kenya. Thus, pastoralists should continue to be aware of and trained on mastitis occurrence and its control in the pastoral ecosystem to reduce potential economic losses.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya

et al. 2022

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“…However, little is known about pathogens involved in mastitis occurrence in camels using culture-independent approaches. The available information on clinical and subclinical mastitis-causing microorganisms was exclusively reported based on conventional bacteriological (culture-dependent) methods, mainly from Ethiopia [11,16,[23][24][25]. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were shown to be the most common causes of mastitis in Ethiopia [16,23] while Streptococcus agalactiae was the only bacterium isolated from gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in the United Arab Emirates [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

et al. 2022

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Camel milk is recognized as a functional food with significant economic value. Mastitis is one of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry. Mastitis, which is caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae, has an impact on the quality and quantity of milk produced as well as animal health and welfare. There is a paucity of data on the etiological factors that cause camel mastitis. This study reports the bacterial and fungal community involved in clinical camel mastitis using Illumina amplicon sequencing. A total of 25 milk samples were analyzed, including 9 samples with mastitis and 16 healthy samples. The bacterial community in healthy samples was significantly more diverse and abundant than in mastitis samples. The fungal population in mastitis samples, on the other hand, was more diverse and abundant. As compared to healthy samples, the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Schlegelella, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Jeotgalicoccus. and Klebsiella were found to be abundant in mastitic milk. However, the genera Corynebacterium, Enteractinococcus, unclassified Sphingomonadaceae, Atopostipes, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Sphingomonas, Pediococcus and Moraxella were reduced. In the fungal community, mastitis caused a significant increase in the relative abundance of the majority of taxa, including Candida, Phanerochaete, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and unclassified Pyronemataceae, while Penicillium and Alternaria showed a decline in relative abundance. In the bacterial and fungal communities, the discriminant analysis showed 19 and 5 differently abundant genera in healthy milk and mastitic milk, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed a microbiome dysbiosis linked to clinical camel mastitis, with opportunistic pathogens outgrowing commensal bacteria that were reduced. These findings are essential in designing an appropriate control program in the camel dairy herd, as well as in preventing and treating camel mastitis.

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“…Camels are essential because they are used as a means of transport in the desert and consider one source of economic income that comes from wool, milk, and meat production (1,5,6) and from using camels in racing (7,8). Camel's milk considers an exceptional nutritional food because of its high nutritional and therapeutic uses (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Although camels consider more resistant to many diseases that occur in other animals (14), many diseases can affect camels and lead to crucial economic loss (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Mycoplasma spp. from camel’s milk

Al-AAlim

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Al-Jumaa

et al. 2023

IJVS

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The dromedary camels are essential because of their multiple uses for transport, wool, meat, and milk production. Camel's milk is considered exceptional nutrition, so it uses for therapeutic and high nutrition. Mastitis may affect camel's milk production, cause significant economic loss, and is associated with zoonotic disease. The study aimed to detect the prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. especially M. bovis in camel's milk using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method as a primary molecular diagnostic technique. Fifty milk samples were collected from she camels suffering from subclinical mastitis in Iraq. The result of the current study declared that 26.66% of the camel's milk samples were positive for Mycoplasma. In contrast, the prevalence rate of Mycoplasma (M.) bovis in all the samples was 61.53%. The study concludes that Mycoplasma and especially M. bovis are considered one of the bacteria that cause subclinical mastitis in camels, and using the PCR method is regarded as a more rapid, simple, and current for detecting the Mycoplasma bacteria.

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Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya

The prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity, and factors associated with camel mastitis in Isiolo County, Kenya

Assessment of mastitis in camel using high-throughput sequencing

Molecular detection of Mycoplasma spp. from camel’s milk

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