Camel tuberculosis–a case report

Kinne, Jöerg; Johnson, B.; Jahans, Keith; Smith, Noel H.; Ulhaq, Anwar; Wernery, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s11250-006-4366-8

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In dromedary camels, M. tuberculosis (Elmossalami et al, 1971;Zubairet al, 2004), M. bovis (Kinne et al, 2006), M. capre (Pate et al, 2006) and M. microti have been isolated from tissue lesions (Wernery and Kaaden, 2002;Kinne et al, 2006). M. bovis strains were also isolated by Donchenko et al (1975) in Russia from bulked samples of raw dromedary milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dromedary camels and awareness of pastoralists about its zoonotic importance in Eastern Ethiopia

Beyi¹,

Gezahegne²,

Mussa³

et al. 2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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The aim of this study was to investigate bovine tuberculosis in camels which was conducted in Eastern part of Ethiopia using post mortem examination, Mycobaterium isolation, tuberculin skin test and questionnaire based interview. Tuberculosis (TB) is an important disease for pastoralist, particularly due to prevailing habit of consuming raw milk and sharing house during night time with their animals. This study has showed prevalence rate of 8.3% (33/398) based on the post mortem examination and 6.0% (29/480) at cut off >4 mm based on the tuberculin test. From 33 camels with suspected tuberculosis compatible lesions, 12% (4/33) showed mycobacterial growth on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media supplemented with pyruvate and 18% (6/33) on LJ media supplemented with glycerol. 94.7% (36/38) of the interviewed pastoralists knew about TB while only 50% (19/38) were aware about its zoonotic importance. However, only 18.4% (7/38) of the interviewed camel owners usually boil camel milk before consumption. The result of this study highlights the potential public health risk posed by TB from camels. Hence, prompt measures are required to control the possible zoonotic transmission of the disease-prioritizing on educating the pastoralist to consume camel milk after boiling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dromedary camels and awareness of pastoralists about its zoonotic importance in Eastern Ethiopia

Beyi¹,

Gezahegne²,

Mussa³

et al. 2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…Studies conducted in Egypt, Sudan, India, Somalia, Kazakhstan and Ethiopia has shown that tuberculosis is occurring in camels (Fassi Fehri, 1987). Camel TB has been described in Egypt (Mustafa, 2013), the United Arab Emirates (Kinne et al, 2006;Wernery et al, 2007;, Pakistan, Kazakhstan (Elmossalami et al, 1971), Somalia, Nigeria (Abubaker et al, 2014, and Ethiopia (Mamo et al, 2009;Zerom et al, 2013 (Kinne et al, 2006;Elmossalami et al, 1971;Mamo et al, 2011;Zerom et al, 2013, Rhodes et al, 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of camel tuberculosis and associated risk factors in camels slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir, Ethiopia

Jibril¹,

Mamo²,

Hanur³

et al. 2016

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A cross sectional abattoir based study was conducted from February 2014 to October, 2015 on camels slaughtered at Akaki municipality abattoir to determine the prevalence of Tuberculosis in camels and assess the association of risk factors with the prevalence of Tuberculosis in camels using single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT). Of the total of 387 camels investigated, overall camel tuberculosis prevalence of 9.82% (95% CI: 6.84%-12.8%) at a cut off value ≥ 4mm and prevalence of 17.05% (95% CI: 13.3%-20.82%) at a cut off value ≥ 2mm, were recorded. Pearson chi-square test reveals, there was statistically significant association of prevalence with the origin of camels at a cut off value ≥ 2mm (χ 2 = 13.461, P=0.000). However, there was no statistically significant association (P>0.05) of risk factors of age, sex, body condition and origin of camels with the prevalence at a cut off value ≥ 4mm.The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows at a cut off value ≥ 4mm, being old aged (adjusted OR= 0.999, 95% CI: 0.450-2.22), female (adjusted OR= 2.226, 95% CI: 0.5099-9.719) were identified as risk factors for positive tuberculin reactivity. Similarly, the multivariate analysis at a cut off value ≥ 2mm, showed being moderate body conditioned (adjusted OR= 1.583, 95% CI: 0.7399-3.385) was identified as risk factor for higher tuberculin reactivity. The present study aimed to determine tuberculin reactivity of camels and assess associated risk factors with the prevalence. It was concluded that Tuberculosis is an existing phenomenon in camels. It is therefore, recommended that detailed epidemiological investigations should be conducted for the better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease in camels of pastoral communities with particular emphasis to 24 Ethiop. Vet. J., 2016, 20 (1), 23-38 Yasmin Jibril et al., zoonotic significance in camel rearing areas of Ethiopia.

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“…Tuberculosis‐infected Old World camelids also show non‐specific symptoms similar to those observed in SAC, with gradual weight loss and inappetence (Kinne et al., 2006) or respiratory symptoms (Moser et al., 2008).…”

Section: Clinical Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Tuberculosis has been reported to occur more often when animals are managed under intensive conditions and/or close to cattle herds (Barlow et al., 1999; Kinne et al, 2006), with little incidence of infection in NWC in their natural habitat. This could indicate a lower susceptibility to mycobacterial infections under natural conditions (Oevermann et al., 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer reports describing tuberculosis lesions in camels and dromedaries exist. Areas of mineralization, solid abscesses and granulomatous lesions have been observed in lungs, respiratory lymph nodes and other internal organs because of M. bovis infection in both animal species (Paling et al., 1988; Kinne et al., 2006; Pate et al., 2006; Wernery et al., 2007). Moreover, mineralization in lung and caseous foci in lung lymph nodes have been also described in a camel infected with M. pinnipedii , another member of the M. tuberculosis complex that is closely related to M. microti (Huard et al., 2006) and usually causing tuberculosis in pinnipeds (Moser et al., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Camelids: Old Problems, Current Solutions and Future Challenges

Álvarez

Bezos

Juan

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary In spite of great efforts for its control and eradication, tuberculosis remains one of the most important zoonosis worldwide. Its causative agents, the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, have a wide host range that complicates the epidemiology of this disease. Among susceptible species to these pathogens, camelids from the New World (llama, alpaca and vicuña) and Old World (Bactrian camel and dromedary) are acquiring an increasing importance in several European countries because of its growing number and could act as reservoirs of the disease for livestock and humans in their natural habitat. In addition, tuberculosis caused by a number of M. tuberculosis complex members is a life‐threatening disease in these animal species. Although tuberculosis has been known to affect camelids for a long time, ante‐mortem diagnosis is still challenging because of the lack of standardized diagnostic techniques and the limited sensitivity and specificity of the most widely applied tests. However, in recent years, several techniques that can at least partially overcome these limitations have been developed. This paper reviews the results and advances achieved in tuberculosis diagnosis in camelids in the last decade as well as the progresses on ongoing investigations, with special attention to the remaining challenges that still have to be faced to assure the availability of reliable tools for the detection of tuberculosis‐infected animals and herds.

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Camel tuberculosis–a case report

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dromedary camels and awareness of pastoralists about its zoonotic importance in Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dromedary camels and awareness of pastoralists about its zoonotic importance in Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence of camel tuberculosis and associated risk factors in camels slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir, Ethiopia

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Camelids: Old Problems, Current Solutions and Future Challenges

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