Camera preparation and performance for 3D luminance mapping of road environments

Kurkela, Matti; Maksimainen, Mikko; Vaaja, Matti; Virtanen, Juho-Pekka; Kukko, Antero; Hyyppä, Juha; Hyyppä, Hannu

doi:10.17690/017252.1

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the MLS data, the poles are clearly visible and they can be extracted. Poles are not needed for nationwide topographic mapping, but they are interesting for detailed city mapping and modeling, street lighting design, and optimization, 69 and also for power line monitoring. 70 As discussed in Sec.…”

Section: Potential Of Mls Classification Results To Complement Als Damentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward utilizing multitemporal multispectral airborne laser scanning, Sentinel-2, and mobile laser scanning in map updating

Matikainen

Pandžić

et al. 2019

J. Appl. Rem. Sens.

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The rapid development of remote sensing technologies provides interesting possibilities for the further development of nationwide mapping procedures that are currently based mainly on passive aerial images. In particular, we assume that there is a large undiscovered potential in multitemporal airborne laser scanning (ALS) for topographic mapping. In this study, automated change detection from multitemporal multispectral ALS data was tested for the first time. The results showed that direct comparisons between height and intensity data from different dates reveal even small changes related to the development of a suburban area. A major challenge in future work is to link the changes with objects that are interesting in map production. In order to effectively utilize multisource remotely sensed data in mapping in the future, we also investigated the potential of satellite images and ground-based data to complement multispectral ALS. A method for continuous change monitoring from a time series of Sentinel-2 satellite images was developed and tested. Finally, a high-density point cloud was acquired with terrestrial mobile laser scanning and automatically classified into four classes. The results were compared with the ALS data, and the possible roles of the different data sources in a future map updating process were discussed. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Potential Of Mls Classification Results To Complement Als Damentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward utilizing multitemporal multispectral airborne laser scanning, Sentinel-2, and mobile laser scanning in map updating

Matikainen

Pandžić

et al. 2019

J. Appl. Rem. Sens.

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“…Monitoring the real situation of the lighting system, the switching system of SCADA can be fine-tuned, taking into account the lumen maintenance control strategy technique and the actual lighting levels. For this procedure, there are several novel methods for road luminance measurements, where luminance measurements are combined into mobile mapping systems and three-dimensional (3D) measuring [84][85][86][87][88][89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies

Doulos

Sioutis²,

Tsangrassoulis

et al. 2020

Energies

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Because of the absence of lighting calculation tools at the initial stage of tunnel design, the lighting systems are usually over-dimensioned, leading to over illumination and increased energy consumption. For this reason, a fine-tuning method for switching lighting stages according to the traffic weighted L20 luminance is proposed at no additional cost. The method was applied in a real –case scenario, where L20 luminance of the access zone at eleven (11) existing tunnels was calculated. The traffic weighted method of CR14380 was used in order to calculate the actual luminance levels for the entrance zone. The new transition zone, which decreases luminance curves, was produced and compared with the existing ones. Thus, a new switching control was proposed and programed for the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system of the tunnel. The signals of the corresponding eleven L20 meters for a period of eight days were used and the corresponding annual energy consumptions were calculated using the proposed switching program for each tunnel. The results were compared with a number of scenarios in which the existing lighting system was retrofitted with Lighting Emitting Diodes (LED) luminaires. In these scenarios, the new luminaire arrangement was based not only on the existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone, but also on the newly proposed one with two different control techniques (continuous dimming and 10% step dimming). The fine-tuning method for switching resulted in energy savings between 11% and 54% depending on the tunnel when the scenario of the existing installation at no extra cost was used. Energy savings, when LED luminaires were installed, varied between 57% (for the scenario with existing luminance demand value for the threshold zone and 10% step dimming) and 85% (for the scenario with the new calculated luminance demand and continuous dimming).

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“…The reference luminance values were adjusted for matching the night-time road surface lighting conditions, covering luminances from 0.06 to 8.63 cd/m2. Figure 4 illustrates the signal-to-noise behaviour of the Ladybug3 (Kurkela et al 2017).…”

Section: Mobile Laser Scanning and Luminance Imaging Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be utilized for luminance measurement, a digital camera needed to be calibrated in terms of the sensor's luminance sensitivity, vignetting, and geometric distortion (Kurkela et al 2017). The Ladybug3 captured uncompressed video, which was first converted into a sequence of linear 8-bit TIF images for post-processing.…”

Section: Luminance Image Processing and Sensor Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where K is the calibration constant of the camera, Nd is the digital relative luminance value of the raw image, fs is the aperture value, Ls is the absolute luminance, t is the exposure time in seconds, and SISO indicates the ISO value (Hiscocks and Eng 2018). The calibration constant K for the Ladybug3 was obtained by calibrating the camera (Kurkela et al 2017). The digital relative luminance, Nd, is obtained with the IEC standard Equation 2:…”

Section: Luminance Image Processing and Sensor Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobile mapping of night-time road environment lighting conditions

Vaaja

Kurkela²,

Maksimainen³

et al. 2018

PJF

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The measurement of 3D geometry for road environments is one of the main applications of mobile mapping systems (MMS). We present mobile mapping applied to a night-time road environment. We integrate the measurement of luminances into a georeferenced 3D point cloud. The luminance measurement and the 3D point cloud acquired with an MMS are used in assessing road environment lighting conditions. Luminance (cd/m 2) was measured with a luminance-calibrated panoramic camera system, and point cloud was produced by laser scanners. The relative orientation between the GNSS, IMU, camera, and laser scanner sensors was solved in order to integrate the data sets into the same coordinate system. Hence, the georeferenced luminance values are transferable into geographic information systems (GIS). The method provides promising results for future road lighting assessment. In addition, this article demonstrates the night-time mobile mapping principle applied to a road section in Helsinki, Finland. Finally, we discuss the future applications of mobile-mapped luminance point clouds.

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Camera preparation and performance for 3D luminance mapping of road environments

Abstract: Road

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Toward utilizing multitemporal multispectral airborne laser scanning, Sentinel-2, and mobile laser scanning in map updating

Toward utilizing multitemporal multispectral airborne laser scanning, Sentinel-2, and mobile laser scanning in map updating

Revision of Threshold Luminance Levels in Tunnels Aiming to Minimize Energy Consumption at No Cost: Methodology and Case Studies

Mobile mapping of night-time road environment lighting conditions

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