Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of Spotty Liver Disease in chickens, can enter a viable but nonculturable state

Phung, Canh; Moore, Robert J.; Vân, Trần Thị

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109341

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The survival and infection of subsequently placed flocks in free-range facilities may occur because C. hepaticus can enter viable but nonculturable states and survive in hostile environmental conditions (26). With this ability, C. hepaticus can survive up to 53 days in water and up to even 112 days in Ringer's solution at 4 C (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spotty Liver Disease and Campylobacter hepaticus in Layer Flocks—A Field Study

Günther¹,

Moore

Rautenschlein³

2023

Avian Diseases

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Campylobacter hepaticus (C. hepaticus) was recently discovered as the causative agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD). SLD affects laying hens and causes significant economic losses in egg production in several countries throughout the world. Field observations reveal that cases of SLD appear with a high risk of reoccurrence, specifically in free-range and organic brown-feathered layer lines. Possible factors contributing to the development of SLD still have to be elucidated. In this field study, one free range (Flock 1) and one organic flock (Flock 2) of brown laying hens kept on farms with a history of clinical SLD were monitored for C. hepaticus colonization, clinical signs, and egg production from 16 to 79 wk of age on the first farm and from 17 to 83 wk of age on the other. The flocks showed a significant drop in egg production at 32 to 39 or 56 wk of age, respectively, which was associated with macroscopically visible liver lesions typical for SLD. Interestingly, in both cases observed clinical disease was linked to a stressful event: heat stress for Flock 1 and respiratory symptoms for Flock 2. C. hepaticus was detected by PCR during the acute phase of the disease in Flock 1. At 50 wk after the initial clinical outbreak had waned, C. hepaticus was still able to be isolated by culture in this flock. This clearly demonstrates that C. hepaticus persists either in the birds or their environment. We speculate that this long persistence may favor chronic SLD in affected flocks and the reoccurrence of SLD in subsequent flocks. Clinically less severe SLD outbreaks may be observed after re-exposure of clinically recovered flocks.RESUMEN. Investigación sobre la necrosis hepa ´tica focal y Campylobacter hepaticus en parvadas de ponedoras: Un estudio de campo.Campylobacter hepaticus (C. hepaticus) se descubrió recientemente como el agente causante de la necrosis hepa ´tica focal (SLD por sus siglas en inglés). La necrosis hepa ´tica focal afecta a las gallinas de postura y provoca importantes pérdidas económicas en la producción de huevo en varios países del mundo. Las observaciones de campo revelan que los casos de necrosis hepa ´tica focal aparecen con un alto riesgo de recurrencia, específicamente en las líneas de ponedoras de plumaje marrón bajo condiciones de pastoreo y de producción orga ´nica. Aún deben dilucidarse los posibles factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la necrosis hepa ´tica focal. En este estudio de campo, en una parvada mantenida en pastoreo (parvada 1) y en una parvada bajo producción orga ´nica (parvada 2) de gallinas de postura de color marrón criadas en granjas con antecedentes de necrosis hepa ´tica focal se monitorearon la colonización por C. hepaticus, los signos clínicos y la producción de huevos desde las 16 a las 79 semanas de edad en la primera granja y de las 17 a las 83 semanas de edad en la segunda granja. Las parvadas mostraron una caída significativa en la producción de huevo entre las 32 a 39 semanas, o a las 56 semanas de edad, respectivamente, que se asociaron con lesiones he...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Spotty Liver Disease and Campylobacter hepaticus in Layer Flocks—A Field Study

Günther¹,

Moore

Rautenschlein³

2023

Avian Diseases

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“…Data from the articles reviewed showed that at least twelve Campylobacter species have been detected in wild animals in 36 countries and the Antarctica Peninsula [ 15 , 16 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ...…”

Section: Wildlife Carriers Of Campylobacter Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on the Role of Wildlife as Carriers and Spreaders of Campylobacter spp.

Olvera-Ramírez

McEwan

Stanley

et al. 2023

Animals

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Campylobacter spp. are important zoonotic pathogens and can cause one of the main bacterial diarrheal diseases worldwide. Research in the context of infection arising from transmission from other humans and other vertebrates has been extensive. A large fraction of these investigations has focused on domestic animals; however, there are also a number of publications which either totally, or at least in part, consider the role of wild or feral animals as carriers or spreaders of Campylobacter spp. Here, we carry out a systematic review to explore the role played by wild vertebrates as sources of Campylobacter spp. with a compilation of prevalence data for more than 150 species including reptiles, mammals and birds. We found that numerous vertebrate species can act as carriers of Campylobacter species, but we also found that some host specificity may exist, reducing the risk of spread from wildlife to domestic animals or humans.

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“…They can be infected with the responsible bacterium as young as 12 weeks old and up to 8 weeks before clinical SLD is manifested ( 8 ). C. hepaticus has shown the potential to survive for long periods in the farm environment by entering viable but non-culturable (VBNC) states ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotty liver disease adversely affect the gut microbiota of layers hen

et al. 2022

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Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) is a serious infectious disease which occurs mainly in laying chickens in free range production systems. SLD outbreaks can increase mortality and decrease egg production of chickens, adversely impact welfare and cause economic hardship for poultry producers. The bacterium Campylobacter hepaticus is the primary cause of the disease. This study aimed to identify the effects of C. hepaticus on chicken gut microbiota and gut structure. Three C. hepaticus strains (HV10T, NSW44L and QLD19L), isolated from different states of Australia, were used in the study. Chickens at 26-weeks post-hatch were orally dosed with one of the C. hepaticus strains (challenged groups) or Brucella broth (unchallenged or control group). Six days after the challenge, birds were necropsied to assess liver damage, and caecal content and tissue samples were collected for histology, microbiology, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the composition of the bacterial microbiota. Strain C. hepaticus NSW44L produced significantly more disease compared to the other C. hepaticus strains and this coincided with more adverse changes observed in the caecal microbiota of the birds challenged with this strain compared to the control group. Microbial diversity determined by Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity indices was lower in the NSW44L challenged groups compared to the control group (p = 0.009 and 0.0233 respectively, at genus level). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Megamonas were significantly reduced in the challenged groups compared to the unchallenged control group. Although SLD-induction affected the gut microbiota of chickens, their small intestine morphology was not noticeably affected as there were no significant differences in the villus height or ratio of villus height and crypt depth. As gut health plays a pivotal role in the overall health and productivity of chickens, approaches to improve the gut health of the birds during SLD outbreaks such as through diet and keeping the causes of stress to a minimum, may represent significant ways to alleviate the impact of SLD.

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Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of Spotty Liver Disease in chickens, can enter a viable but nonculturable state

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Investigation of Spotty Liver Disease and Campylobacter hepaticus in Layer Flocks—A Field Study

Investigation of Spotty Liver Disease and Campylobacter hepaticus in Layer Flocks—A Field Study

A Systematic Review on the Role of Wildlife as Carriers and Spreaders of Campylobacter spp.

Spotty liver disease adversely affect the gut microbiota of layers hen

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