Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry: A Commensal or a Pathogen?

Williams, Lisa; Fonseca, Belchiolina Beatriz; Humphrey, Tom J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29907-5_5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Campylobacter has historically been considered a member of the normal gut microbiota of poultry. However, recent research is challenging this and unravelling a correlation between gut health and infectious diseases, Campylobacter and animal welfare 31 . Batches of birds with high levels of Campylobacter ‐positive caeca have been associated with higher numbers of rejections in the abattoir based on visible evidence of disease and digital dermatitis 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent research is challenging this and unravelling a correlation between gut health and infectious diseases, Campylobacter and animal welfare. 31 Batches of birds with high levels of Campylobacter-positive caeca have been associated with higher numbers of rejections in the abattoir based on visible evidence of disease and digital dermatitis. 18 In addition, Campylobacter has been associated with a number of infectious diseases in broilers (vibrionic hepatitis and Clostridium perfringens), suggesting that these infections may share common environmental risk factors, and reductions in Campylobacter levels may be achieved by generally improving chicken health and husbandry.…”

Section: Financial Incentivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK

Higham¹,

Scott²,

Akehurst

et al. 2018

Veterinary Record

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is the leading cause of food poisoning in the UK. 2 Sisters Food Group, with retail partners, monitored the effect that: (1) awarding financial incentives to farmers and stockpersons for producing houses that were not highly contaminated with , or (2) the cessation of thinning (where ~30 per cent of birds are removed and processed at around day 35 of the crop cycle), had on prevalence of on UK broiler farms in a longitudinal monitoring study. Ninety-four farms and 759 houses were monitored from November 2013 to October 2015, with and without interventions. Financial incentives and thinning were significantly associated with prevalence. Houses on farms receiving an incentive had a 54 per cent reduction in odds of being highly contaminated with Houses that were thinned had a 309 per cent increase in odds of being highly contaminated. Temperature and bird age were significantly positively associated with Changes in industry practice at supply chain level can support control plans in commercial broiler flocks. Elucidating farm-level factors associated with prevalence (such as house type, condition, flock size) as well as individual factors related to thinning (stocking density, weight profile and associated economic consequences) require further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Financial Incentivementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK

Higham¹,

Scott²,

Akehurst

et al. 2018

Veterinary Record

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“…In the ileum, C. jejuni and C. coli were enriched in the fat line, positively correlated with two lipid metabolism-related genes ( ACSBG1 and HSD17B2 ), and strongly negatively correlated with the QPRT gene. Campylobacter , as the cause of human campylobacteriosis, is widespread in poultry in which it is a commensal ( Williams et al, 2016 ). Campylobacter can also cause inflammation in the intestine, disturbing the gut microenvironment and injuring gut barrier functions ( Knudsen et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Association Reveals the Effects of Intestinal Microbiome–Host Interactions on Fat Deposition in Broilers

et al. 2022

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Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota factors cannot be viewed as independent in the occurrence of obesity. Because the gut microbiome is highly dimensional and complex, studies on interactions between gut microbiome and host in obesity are still rare. To explore the relationship of gut microbiome–host interactions with obesity, we performed multi-omics associations of gut metagenome, intestinal transcriptome, and host obesity phenotypes in divergently selected obese–lean broiler lines. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing generated a total of 450 gigabases of clean data from 80 intestinal segment contents of 20 broilers (10 of each line). The microbiome comparison showed that microbial diversity and composition in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca were altered variously between the lean- and fat-line broilers. We identified two jejunal microbes (Escherichia coli and Candidatus Acetothermia bacterium) and four cecal microbes (Alistipes sp. CHKCI003, Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6, Clostridiales bacterium, and Anaeromassilibacillus sp. An200), which were significantly different between the two lines (FDR < 0.05). When comparing functional metagenome, the fat-line broilers had an intensive microbial metabolism in the duodenum and jejunum but degenerative microbial activities in the ileum and ceca. mRNA-sequencing identified a total of 1,667 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the four intestinal compartments between the two lines (| log2FC| > 1.5 and FDR < 0.05). Multi-omics associations showed that the 14 microbial species with abundances that were significantly related with abdominal fat relevant traits (AFRT) also have significant correlations with 155 AFRT-correlated DEG (p < 0.05). These DEG were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, immune system, transport and catabolism, and cell growth-related pathways. The present study constructed a gut microbial gene catalog of the obese–lean broiler lines. Intestinal transcriptome and metagenome comparison between the two lines identified candidate DEG and differential microbes for obesity, respectively. Multi-omics associations suggest that abdominal fat deposition may be influenced by the interactions of specific gut microbiota abundance and the expression of host genes in the intestinal compartments in which the microbes reside. Our study explored the interactions between gut microbiome and host intestinal gene expression in lean and obese broilers, which may expand knowledge on the relationships between obesity and gut microbiome.

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“…are Gram‐negative, microaerophilic, spirally curved bacteria that mainly live as commensal organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of birds (Silva et al, 2011; Vandamme et al, 2015). Chickens are natural hosts for Campylobacter species and especially C. jejuni (Williams et al, 2016). C. jejuni colonizes primarily the caeca, but also the large intestine and the cloaca reaching 10 6 –10 9 CFU/g of contents (Dhillon et al, 2006; Meunier et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carvacrol-based product reduces Campylobacter jejuni load and alters microbiota composition in the caeca of chickens

Allaoua

Bonnafé

Étienne

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aim This study was conducted to test the ability of a carvacrol‐based formulation (Phodé, France) to decrease the C. jejuni caecal load in inoculated broiler chickens and to study the impact of the C. jejuni inoculation alone or combined with the product, on the caecal microbiota. Methods and Results On day 1, chickens were either fed a control feed or the same diet supplemented with a carvacrol‐based product. On day 21, the carvacrol‐supplemented chickens and half of the non‐supplemented chickens were inoculated with C. jejuni (108 CFU). Quantitative PCR was used to quantify C. jejuni in chicken caecal samples and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out at 25, 31 and 35 days of age. A significant decrease of 1.4 log of the C. jejuni caecal load was observed in 35‐day‐old chickens supplemented with the product, compared to the inoculated and unsupplemented group (p < 0.05). The inoculation with C. jejuni significantly increased the population richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity and altered beta‐diversity. Compared to the control group, the C. jejuni inoculation causes significant changes in the microbiota. The carvacrol‐based product associated with C. jejuni inoculation increased the diversity and strongly modified the structure of the microbial community. Functional analysis by 16S rRNA gene‐based predictions further revealed that the product up‐regulated the pathways involved in the antimicrobial synthesis, which could explain its shaping effect on the caecal microbiota. Conclusions Our study confirmed the impairment of the caecal bacterial community after inoculation and demonstrated the ability of the product to reduce the C. jejuni load in chickens. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mode of action of this product to promote the installation of a beneficial microbiota to its host. Significance and Impact of the Study Results suggested that this product could be promising to control C. jejuni contamination of broilers.

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Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry: A Commensal or a Pathogen?

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK

Effects of financial incentives and cessation of thinning on prevalence of Campylobacter: a longitudinal monitoring study on commercial broiler farms in the UK

Multi-Omics Association Reveals the Effects of Intestinal Microbiome–Host Interactions on Fat Deposition in Broilers

A carvacrol-based product reduces Campylobacter jejuni load and alters microbiota composition in the caeca of chickens

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