Campylobacter Peritonitis Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Elshafie, Sittana S.; Asim, Muhammad; Ashour, Amr; Elhiday, Abdelhaleem; Mohsen, T. S.; Doiphode, Sanjay

doi:10.3747/pdi.2008.00227

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…All three cases were treated with intraperitoneal cefazolin. 4 Unlike these cases, our patient did not have any history of acute gastroenteritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Campylobacter jejuni: A rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis

2016

Arch Argent Pediat

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Peritonitis is a serious problem in children receiving peritoneal dialysis. Campylobacter jejuni is an unusual cause of peritonitis. A 10-year-old boy who had end stage renal failure due to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and fever. Peritoneal dialysis fluid was cloudy and microscopic examination showed abundant leukocytes. Intraperitoneal cefepime treatment was started. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from peritoneal dialysis fluid culture and oral clarithromycin was added to the treatment. At the end of therapy, peritoneal fluid culture was negative. To our knowledge, C. jejuni peritonitis was not reported in children previously. Conclusion: Although C. jejuni peritonitis is rarely encountered in children, it should be considered as an etiologic factor for peritonitis. INTRODUCTIONPeritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli are the most common causative pathogens for peritonitis.1 Guidelines recommend that selection of empiric therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms and a fourth-generation cephalosporin is a suitable agent. In addition a first-generation cefalosporin may be used with ceftazidime or aminoglycoside, if cefepime is not available. AfterCampylobacter jejuni: A rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis causative organism is identified, treatment should be organized according to microorganism. 2Minimum length of therapy is two weeks, for severe infections the recommended treatment duration is three weeks. In literature Campylobacter peritonitis has been reported in adult patients. In this report we present the first pediatric case with C. jejuni peritonitis. CASE REPORTA 10-year-old boy with end stage renal failure secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was treated with continuous ambulatory p e r i t o n e a l d i a l y s i s ( C A P D ) f o r 6 y e a r s . Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) peritonitis occured in 3 rd month of dialysis treatment. Intravenous vancomycin and intraperitoneal cefazolin were used for therapy. Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis developed 12 months later. Four years after the second peritonitis, he admitted to hospital with abdominal pain and fever. The patient did not declare a complaint of diarrhea or constipation He reported ultrafiltration failure and peritoneal dialysis fluid was cloudy in the last 1 week. Physical examination revealed; temperature: 38.1 Cº, heart rate: 118 beats/minute, blood pressure: 130/85 mmHg, body weight: 34.5 kg (previous weight: 25 kg) and generalized edema. Ascites and tenderness were found in the abdomen. There were no signs of exitsite infection. Laboratory test results were as follows; haemoglobin: 9.4 g/dl, leukocyte count: 9500/mm 3 , platelet count: 183000/mm 3 , blood urea nitrogen: 91 mg/dl, creatinine: 7.09 mg/ dl, C-reactive protein: 78.2 mg/L, erythroc...

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“…All three cases were treated with intraperitoneal cefazolin. 4 Unlike these cases, our patient did not have any history of acute gastroenteritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Campylobacter jejuni is the most responsible pathogenes (60%) following Campylobacter fetus (20%). 4 Clinical symptoms may be diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Few cases with Campylobacter peritonitis have been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni: A rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis

2016

Arch Argent Pediat

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“…En la mayoría de los casos (60%), el microorganismo patógeno responsable es Campylobacter jejuni, seguido de Campylobacter fetus (20%). 4 Los síntomas clínicos podrían ser diarrea, fiebre, dolor abdominal y vómitos. En las publicaciones se han notificado pocos casos de peritonitis por Campylobacter.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A los tres pacientes se les administró cefazolina intraperitoneal. 4 A diferencia de ellos, nuestro paciente no tenía antecedentes de gastroenteritis aguda.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Campylobacter jejuni: un agente infrecuente de peritonitis en un niño con diálisis peritoneal

et al. 2016

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Arch Argent Pediatr 2016;114(5):e354-e356 / e354Presentación de casos clínicos RESUMEN La peritonitis es un problema grave en los niños que reciben diálisis peritoneal. La bacteria Campylobacter jejuni es una causa infrecuente de peritonitis. Un niño de 10 años de edad con insuficiencia renal terminal causada por síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico ingresó a nuestro hospital con dolor abdominal y fiebre. El líquido de la diálisis peritoneal era turbio; en el examen microscópico se observaron leucocitos abundantes. Se inició tratamiento con cefepime intraperitoneal. En el cultivo del líquido peritoneal se aisló Campylobacter jejuni, por lo que se agregó claritromicina oral al tratamiento. Al finalizar el tratamiento, el resultado del cultivo del líquido peritoneal era negativo. Hasta donde sabemos, no se había informado previamente peritonitis por C. jejuni en niños. Conclusión. Si bien la peritonitis por C. jejuni es rara en los niños, debe considerarse como factor etiológico de la peritonitis. Palabras clave: Campylobacter jejuni, diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria, peritonitis.

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“…Culture-negative peritonitis remains a clinical issue with centres reporting rates between 13 and 55% [8,9]. Causative factors include previous antibiotic treatment and infection with a fastidious organism such as Campylobacter species [10,11]. In many cases, the reasons for why an organism is not cultured are unclear and the underlying microbiology is poorly understood, despite patients responding to antibiotics targeting Gram-positive organisms [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of 16s rDNA PCR in the Diagnosis of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis

Collier¹

2012

J Med Microb Diagn

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Introduction: Despite recent advances in peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis remains the most common and serious complication. In a significant proportion of patients a pathogen is not cultured. In this study we investigated the use of 16S rDNA PCR to make a bacterial diagnosis. Methods:We used an optimised DNA extraction and 16S rDNA PCR with DNA sequencing to detect pathogens in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP).Results: Seventy-one PD fluids from twenty-four patients were analysed. In suspected cases of PDAP, thirteen out of twenty-one patients had a bacterial pathogen cultured and 16S rDNA PCR with DNA sequencing identified one additional pathogen. However 16S rDNA PCR only detected the pathogen in five of the culture-positive fluids. All follow-up samples were culture-negative, but possible pathogens were identified in three samples by the 16S rDNA PCR.In suspected cases of PDAP the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR was calculated as 69% and 63%, respectively. Conclusion:The use of 16S rDNA PCR in diagnosing PDAP needs further study and improved sensitivity before widespread introduction.

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Campylobacter Peritonitis Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Campylobacter jejuni: A rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis

Campylobacter jejuni: A rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis

Campylobacter jejuni: un agente infrecuente de peritonitis en un niño con diálisis peritoneal

The Role of 16s rDNA PCR in the Diagnosis of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis

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