Can 6-month-old infants integrate individual elements to discriminate contours?

Baker, Thomas J.; Adler, Scott A.; Tse, James; Gerhardstein, Peter

doi:10.1167/5.8.473

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Clearly the system is at least marginally operational very early in infancy. Behavioral data from 3‐ (Gerhardstein, Kovács, Ditre, & Feher, ) and 6‐month‐old infants (Baker, Adler, Tse, & Gerhardstein, ) demonstrate that while infants can group fragments into a contour from stimuli displaying only oriented segments, their threshold for contour detection in visual noise is substantially higher than that of adults. Tests using “mobile conjugate reinforcement”—an operant conditioning procedure (Gerhardstein et al, ) found that 3‐ to 4‐month old infants are less sensitive overall to contours embedded in noise even following a relatively long period of training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, this test found no evidence of a detection advantage for closed contours relative to open ones. When tested using an eye‐tracking procedure at 6 months (Baker et al, ), infants again showed no increase in sensitivity to closed contours relative to 3‐month‐olds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When paired with the anatomical data of Burkhalter et al (), the psychophysical evidence from infant (e.g., Baker et al, ; Gerhardstein et al, ), and child (Hadad et al, ; Kovács et al, ) studies calls into question whether anatomical maturity equates to functional maturity in the early visual system. It may be that long‐range interconnections are anatomically mature in terms of projective distance in the cortex at 2 years of age, but are immature in their specificity or associative strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This manipulation is designed both as an attempt to replicate prior research showing a proximity limitation in young children (Hadad et al, ; Kovács et al, ) and to test whether closure and collinearity (unlike collinearity alone) compensates for this limitation. The inclusion of 3–4 year olds was intended to begin to address the question of when detection rises above the floor level observed in infant studies (Baker et al, ; Gerhardstein et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐related changes in visual contour integration: Implications for physiology from psychophysics

Hipp

Dickerson

Moser

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychobiology

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Visual contour detection is enhanced by grouping principles, such as proximity and collinearity, which appear to rely on horizontal connectivity in visual cortex. Previous experiments suggest that children require greater proximity to detect contours and that, unlike adults, collinearity does not compensate for their proximity limitation. Over two experiments we test whether closure, a global property known to facilitate contour detection, compensates for this limitation. Adults and children (3-9 years old) performed a 2AFC task; one panel contained an illusory contour (closed or open) in visual noise, and one only noise. The experiments were identical except proximity was doubled in Exp. 2, enabling shorter-range spatial integration. Results suggest children are limited by proximity, and that closure did not reliably improve their performance as it did for adults. We conclude that perceptual maturity lags behind anatomy within this system, and suggest that slow statistical learning of long-range orientation correlations controls this disparity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Age‐related changes in visual contour integration: Implications for physiology from psychophysics

Hipp

Dickerson

Moser

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Detection of oriented line segments has long been understood to be an important factor in supplying basic feature information to contour detection and integration processes that construct a representation of the visual world (Baker et al, 2005; Field et al, 1993; Gerhardstein et al, 2012; Gilbert, 1996; Kovacs & Julesz, 1993; Yacoub et al, 2008). The human visual system is known to be differentially sensitive to orientation, a finding called the oblique effect (Appelle, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Levels of orientation bias differ across digital content categories: Implications for visual perception

Duggan

Gerhardstein

2023

Perception

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With the continued growth of digital device use, a greater portion of the visual world experienced daily by many people has shifted towards digital environments. The “oblique effect” denotes a bias for horizontal and vertical (canonical) contours over oblique contours, which is derived from a disproportionate exposure to canonical content. Carpentered environments have been shown to possess proportionally more canonical than oblique contours, leading to perceptual bias in those who live in “built” environments. Likewise, there is potential for orientation sensitivity to be shaped by frequent exposure to digital content. The potential influence of digital content on the oblique effect was investigated by measuring the degree of orientation anisotropy from a range of digital scenes using Fourier analysis. Content from popular cartoons, video games, and social communication websites was compared to real-life nature, suburban, and urban scenes. Findings suggest that digital content varies widely in orientation anisotropy, but pixelated video games and social communication websites were found to exhibit a degree of orientation anisotropy substantially exceeding that observed in all measured categories of real-world environments. Therefore, the potential may exist for digital content to induce an even greater shift in orientation bias than has been observed in previous research. This potential, and implications of such a shift, is discussed.

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Can 6-month-old infants integrate individual elements to discriminate contours?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Age‐related changes in visual contour integration: Implications for physiology from psychophysics

Age‐related changes in visual contour integration: Implications for physiology from psychophysics

Levels of orientation bias differ across digital content categories: Implications for visual perception

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