Can a QED Photon Propagate Out of the Black‐Hole Horizon?

Abstract

We show at one-loop approximation that the QED photon acquires a negative gauge-invariant mass-squared in the near-horizon region of an evaporating Schwarzschild black hole. This result may imply that information about the inner structure of evaporating black holes is accessible, even without invoking the modification of the basic QFT and GR principles.

Are quantum corrections on horizon scale physically motivated?

“…Critics have pointed that there is a lack of testable models including in the AdS/CFT correspondence, and that it is not clear whether such non-local interactions can solve the paradox at first place because of a lack of detailed balance [24,50]. A semi-classical mechanism that might obey detailed balance was recently proposed [63].…”

Black-hole evaporation from Oppenheimer–Snyder collapse

“…An analogous effect holds for photons and electrons (if the black hole is small enough, i.e. M 10 15 g) in quantum electrodynamics (QED) [22,44] 11 . The particle propagation with the speed higher than c results in the causality violation near the black-hole horizon.…”

“…In principle, one may then be able to extract some information about matter that collapsed to a given black hole, by measuring spectral densities of various particle species. The outstanding question is still open if the non-violent breakdown of causality (as proposed in [45] with the semi-classical mechanism presented in [44] for QED and here for the λΦ 4 -theory) in the near-horizon region is capable of reconciling general relativity with quantum theory, by re-solving the information-loss problem in black-hole physics [46,47].…”

QED loop effects in the spacetime background of a Schwarzschild black hole

“…An anisotropic plasma is characterized by a unit vector n, that gives the direction along which the plasma moves. This medium appears to be closely related to the quantum physics near to and far from the black-hole horizon [4,5,7,8].…”