Can a virus undermine human rights?

Nay, Olivier

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30092-x

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In many cases, widespread adoption is related to effectiveness, which highlights the need for public trust and engagement. There is concern that emergency measures set precedent and may remain in place beyond the emergency, which will lead to the ongoing collection of information about private citizens with no emergency-related purpose 137,138 . All systems will need to be 'proofed' against invasions of privacy and will need to comply with appropriate legal, ethical and clinical governance 75 .…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19

Budd

Miller

Manning

et al. 2020

Nat Med

911

703

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Digital technologies are being harnessed to support the public-health response to COVID-19 worldwide, including population surveillance, case identification, contact tracing and evaluation of interventions on the basis of mobility data and communication with the public. These rapid responses leverage billions of mobile phones, large online datasets, connected devices, relatively low-cost computing resources and advances in machine learning and natural language processing. This Review aims to capture the breadth of digital innovations for the public-health response to COVID-19 worldwide and their limitations, and barriers to their implementation, including legal, ethical and privacy barriers, as well as organizational and workforce barriers. The future of public health is likely to become increasingly digital, and we review the need for the alignment of international strategies for the regulation, evaluation and use of digital technologies to strengthen pandemic management, and future preparedness for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Public-health need Digital tool or technology Example of use Refs. Digital epidemiological surveillance Machine learning Web-based epidemic intelligence tools and online syndromic surveillance Web-based epidemic intelligence tools: 20-23,25 Based on social media or online search data: 30-33 Survey apps and websites Symptom reporting 37,38,48,49 Data extraction and visualization Data dashboard 39-45 Rapid case identification Connected diagnostic device Point-of-care diagnosis 58 Sensors including wearables Febrile symptoms checking 51-53 Machine learning Medical image analysis 65,66

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19

Budd

Miller

Manning

et al. 2020

Nat Med

911

703

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within a few months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) went from a remote threat to a global health, humanitarian, and socio-economic crisis that had real and immediate impact on daily life ( Thompson & Rasmussen, 2020 ). In order to reduce disease transmission, many countries declared national emergencies, mandated lockdowns and other strict response measures, and implemented punitive consequences to ensure new policies were followed ( Nay, 2020 ). As such, both the disease and the associated response measures heightened risk factors in already vulnerable populations, including families at risk for separation and children outside of parental care ( Desai, 2020 ; Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zhang, & Jiang, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-informed recommendations for services providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wilke¹,

Howard

Pop³

2020

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic and associated response measures have led to unprecedented challenges for service providers working with vulnerable children and families around the world. Objective The goal of the present study was to better understand the impact of the pandemic and associated response measures on vulnerable children and families and provide data-informed recommendations for public and private service providers working with this population. Participants and Setting Representatives from 87 non-government organizations (NGOs) providing a variety of direct services (i.e. residential care, family preservation, foster care, etc.) to 454,637 vulnerable children and families in 43 countries completed a brief online survey. Methods Using a mixed methods design, results examined 1) ways in which children and families have been directly impacted by COVID-19, 2) the impact of the pandemic on services provided by NGOs, 3) government responses and gaps in services for this population during the pandemic, and 4) strategies that have been effective in filling these gaps. Results Data revealed that the pandemic and restrictive measures were associated with increased risk factors for vulnerable children and families, including not having access to vital services. The NGOs experienced government restrictions, decreased financial support, and inability to adequately provide services. Increased communication and supportive activities had a positive impact on both NGO staff and the families they serve. Conclusions Based on the findings, ten recommendations were made for service providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…These concerns are not unreasonable. 8 15 Digital epidemiologic investigations can reveal sources, transmission routes and personal information normally regarded as private; for example, where people have been, with whom and, potentially, the type of contact or activity involved. 14 16 This is not necessarily resolved by making participation in communicable disease surveillance activities voluntary, because a significant proportion of the public might not opt in, which would markedly diminish the system’s effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in public preferences for technologically enhanced surveillance following the COVID-19 pandemic: a discrete choice experiment

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesAs governments attempt to navigate a path out of COVID-19 restrictions, robust evidence is essential to inform requirements for public acceptance of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems. We examined the value of core surveillance system attributes to the Australian public, before and during the early stages of the current pandemic.DesignA discrete choice experiment was conducted in Australia with a representative group of respondents, before and after the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. We identified and investigated the relative importance of seven attributes associated with technologically enhanced disease surveillance: respect for personal autonomy; privacy/confidentiality; data certainty/confidence; data security; infectious disease mortality prevention; infectious disease morbidity prevention; and attribution of (causal) responsibility. Specifically, we explored how the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak influenced participant responses.Setting and participants2008 Australians (general public) completed the experiment: 793 before COVID-19 outbreak onset (mean age 45.9 years, 50.2% male) and 1215 after onset (mean age 47.2 years, 49% male).ResultsAll seven attributes significantly influenced respondents’ preferences for communicable disease surveillance systems. After onset, participants demonstrated greater preference for a surveillance system that could prevent a higher number of illnesses and deaths, and were less concerned about their personal autonomy. However, they also increased their preference for a system with high data security.ConclusionsPublic acceptance of technology-based communicable disease surveillance is situation dependent. During an epidemic, there is likely to be greater tolerance of technologically enhanced disease surveillance systems that result in restrictions on personal activity if such systems can prevent high morbidity and mortality. However, this acceptance of lower personal autonomy comes with an increased requirement to ensure data security. These findings merit further research as the pandemic unfolds and strategies are put in place that enable individuals and societies to live with SARS-CoV-2 endemicity.

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Can a virus undermine human rights?

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19

Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19

Data-informed recommendations for services providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic

Changes in public preferences for technologically enhanced surveillance following the COVID-19 pandemic: a discrete choice experiment

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