Can altruism evolve in purely viscous populations?

Wilson, David Sloan; Pollock, Gregory B.; Dugatkin, Lee Alan

doi:10.1007/bf02270969

Cited by 370 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Here these two opposing effects precisely cancel each other. This result is called Taylor's cancellation result, and has been shown shown to hold when one adopts the same life-cycle assumptions (nonoverlapping generations and so on) as ours (Taylor, 1992a,b;Queller, 1992;Wilson et al, 1992;Rousset, 2004;Gardner and West, 2006;Lehmann et al, 2007;Lehmann and Rousset, 2010;Taylor et al, 2011;Ohtsuki, 2012). In this sense, our result (Corollary 2) confirms the results of Taylor (1992a) and Taylor et al (2011).…”

Section: First-order Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

The effect of fecundity derivatives on the condition of evolutionary branching in spatial models

Parvinen

Ohtsuki

Wakano

2017

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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By investigating metapopulation fitness, we present analytical expressions for the selection gradient and conditions for convergence stability and evolutionary stability in Wright's island model in terms of fecundity function. Coefficients of each derivative of fecundity function appearing in these conditions have fixed signs. This illustrates which kind of interaction promotes or inhibits evolutionary branching in spatial models. We observe that Taylor's cancellation result holds for any fecundity function: Not only singular strategies but also their convergence stability is identical to that in the corresponding well-mixed model. We show that evolutionary branching never occurs 1 when the dispersal rate is close to zero. Furthermore, for a wide class of fecundity functions (including those determined by any pairwise game), evolutionary branching is impossible for any dispersal rate if branching does not occur in the corresponding well-mixed model. Spatial structure thus often inhibits evolutionary branching, although we can construct a fecundity function for which evolutionary branching only occurs for intermediate dispersal rates.

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Section: First-order Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

The effect of fecundity derivatives on the condition of evolutionary branching in spatial models

Parvinen

Ohtsuki

Wakano

2017

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…Although our data showed that temporal heterogeneity is important in the fig/fig wasp mutualism stability, the parasites of mutualism might also directly or indirectly affect the fitness interaction between reciprocal mutualists [4,42,57,59]. Non-pollinators of gall makers in fig/fig wasp mutualism could independently oviposit in the female flowers of F. racemosa and thereby impede both pollinator and viable seed production [23,25,26,40,59,60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Spatial heterogeneity and host repression in fig-fig wasp mutualism

Wang

Wen

Chen

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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It is generally believed that physical heterogeneity in common resource or evolutionary restraint can sufficiently prevent direct conflict between host and symbionts in mutualism systems. Our data on fig/fig wasp reciprocal mutualism (Ficus racemosa), however, show that structural barriers of female flowers or genetic constraints of pollinators previously hypothesized exist, but cannot sufficiently maintain the mutualism stability. The results show that a positive relationship between seed and wasp production could be maintained in warm season, which might be because of density dependence restraint among foundresses and their low oviposition and pollination efficiency, keeping common resource (female flowers) utilization unsaturated. Whilst, a negative correlation between wasp offspring and viable seed production was also observed in cold season, which might be that the increased oviposition and pollination efficiency maximized the common resource utilization. The fitness trade-off between fig and pollinator wasps is greatly affected by environmental or ecological variations. The local stability might result from temporal low exploitation efficiency of pollinators together with interference competition among pollinators. We suggest that host repression through the active regulation of bract closure, which can create interference competition among the foundresses and prevent extra more foundresses sequential entry in fruit cavities, would help the figs avoiding the cost of over-exploitation. This essentially takes the same role as sanctioning of cheating or competitive behaviors.

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“…With such high levels of within-group relatedness, one may even expect lower nepotism among close maternal kin because preferential support toward close maternal kin comes at the expense of other closely related group members (Wilson et al, 1992;Queller, 1994;West et al, 2001;Langergraber, 2012). Indeed, in a population where individuals have few kin available, it is not relevant to consider kin competition, as the benefits of cooperating with kin are much higher than the costs of competing with kin if there are very few kin to outcompete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cues to kinship and close relatedness during infancy in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus

2016

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The ability to recognize kin has important impacts on fitness because it can allow for kinbiased affiliative behaviors and for avoidance of mating with close kin. While the presence and effects of kin biases have been widely studied, less is known about the process by which animals recognize close kin. Here we investigate potential cues that white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) may use to detect half-siblings and closer kin. We focus on the first year of life in a sample of 130 infant (n=65 infant females) wild capuchins from the Lomas Barbudal population in Costa Rica. We show that (1) infant relatedness to juvenile and adult males at the level of half-sibling and higher can be predicted by male alpha status, spatial proximity, and age proximity, and that (2) infant relatedness to juvenile and adult females at the level of half-sibling or higher can be predicted by spatial proximity (but not age proximity). Furthermore, (1) the identities of infants' fathers can also be predicted by male alpha status and the spatial proximity between infants and adult males, and (2) age proximity (but not spatial proximity) is predictive of paternal sibship. These results suggest that infant capuchins have access to multiple cues to close relatedness and paternal kinship, though whether infants use these cues later in life remains to be explored in future research.Keywords: kin recognition, age proximity, early social familiarity, male dominance, The ability to recognize kin has many adaptive benefits. It can help organisms increase their inclusive fitness by allowing them to allot a disproportionate amount of affiliative behaviors and coalitionary support toward individuals with which they share a larger proportion of their genes (Hamilton, 1964). Furthermore, by allowing individuals to recognize kin and discriminate against them in a mating context, kin recognition mechanisms can facilitate avoidance of the deleterious effects of close inbreeding (Charlesworth & Charlesworth, 1987).We define kin recognition as the ability to identify and distinguish kin from non-kin, or more closely related kin from more distant kin, regardless of the mechanism or mechanisms through which it is accomplished, and regardless of whether it actually leads to differential treatment of individuals (i.e. kin discrimination). In this sense, we take on a broad as opposed to narrow definition of kin recognition (see Penn & Frommen, 2010). We consider the related term kin bias to be the differential treatment of kin versus non-kin (or close kin from distant kin), though not exclusively as the result of kin recognition.Kin recognition has been documented in a wide array of animal taxa, including, to name only a few: Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Winberg & Olsén, 1992;Olsén & Winberg, 1996), spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus bombifrons) (Pfennig et al., 1993), Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) (Mateo & Johnston, 2000), and Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) and Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii) (Holmes & S...

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Can altruism evolve in purely viscous populations?

Cited by 370 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of fecundity derivatives on the condition of evolutionary branching in spatial models

The effect of fecundity derivatives on the condition of evolutionary branching in spatial models

Spatial heterogeneity and host repression in fig-fig wasp mutualism

Cues to kinship and close relatedness during infancy in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus

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