Can Australia save the world? The limits and possibilities of middle power diplomacy

The dynamics of emerging middle-power influence in regional and global governance: the paradoxical case of Turkey

“…In contrast to the dominant trend in the literature that emphasises the leading BRICS nations, our focus in this study is on the second group of 'emerging powers', or the 'near-BRICS', such as Turkey, Mexico and Indonesia, which tend to receive less attention in the existing literature. A plausible reason for this lacuna is that the middle-power literature mostly deals with established middle powers such as Canada and Australia (Ravenhill 1998;Chapnick 1999Chapnick , 2000Beeson 2011;Carr 2014). There are a number of similarities and differences between established and emerging middle powers.…”

Rethinking Britain's Role in a Differentiated Europe after Brexit: A Comparative Regionalism Perspective

“…Because a recognition of their middle power status is crucial to the self‐understanding of these three states, we locate our discussion in this section in an outline of the literature. Beeson (, p. 54) defines middle powers as ‘a diverse group of states that are neither “great” nor failing, but which occupy a conceptual territory between these extremes, and which are taken to have broadly similar material attributes’. The UK may not immediately accept such a self‐understanding; certainly in the 2016 referendum, as well as the subsequent political and media discussion, the UK was categorized as a great power cutting off its shackles and returning to its manifest destiny as a global leader (O'Toole, ).…”

“…It perceives itself as a key player in its region and a joiner of all major security forums. Although it is an awkward partner in the region, it seeks nevertheless to play a role as a middle power (Patience, , ; Wood, ), realizing that ‘middle powers […] can do little to influence the larger geopolitical structures [...] but they can make material and ideational choices that have a powerful impact on their own welfare and help to legitimate the extant international order’ (Beeson , p. 567).…”

Middle Powers in the Indo‐Pacific: Potential Pacifiers Guaranteeing Stability in the Indo‐Pacific?

“…They also have regional influence in the Indo‐Pacific and a systemic impact through, for example, MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia), which was established in 2013 following an initiative from Seoul. Furthermore, the academic literature and practitioners also overwhelmingly recognize these three states as middle powers (Azra, ; Beeson, , pp. 563–577; Choi, , pp.…”