CAN Bus Message Authentication via Co-Channel RF Watermark

Michaels, Alan J.; Palukuru, Venkata Sai Srikar; Fletcher, Michael; Henshaw, Christopher; Williams, Steven; Krauss, Thomas F.; Lawlis, James; Moore, John M.

doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3143708

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Several publications addressed the security and privacy issues related to the CAN bus in vehicular communication systems. These works proposed various techniques to enhance the security of the CAN bus, such as message authentication, intrusion detection, and access control [18][19][20].…”

Section: A Security and Privacy Of Can Busmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Design of a Basic Autonomous Vehicle Based on CAN Bus

Ali,

I Ali

2024

International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Comput

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The evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has captured widespread interest lately, offering prospects for enhanced road safety, alleviation of traffic congestion, and heightened fuel efficiency. The essential role of Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocols in the operational integrity of AVs is undeniable. This research outlines the architecture of an elementary autonomous vehicle predicated on diverse CAN bus frameworks. We introduce a design that integrates a multiplexed CAN bus arrangement, fostering streamlined interactions among the AV's various subsystems. This design is inherently scalable, promoting ease of modification in step with evolving autonomous vehicular technologies. The paper delves into the intricacies encountered throughout the design phase and articulates the methodologies adopted to surmount these obstacles. Empirical simulations substantiate the efficacy of our design, underscoring its dependability and strength across a multitude of vehicular contexts. Fundamentally, this design lays the groundwork for the advancement of sophisticated AVs, thereby contributing to the realization of optimized vehicular ecosystems.

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Section: A Security and Privacy Of Can Busmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Design of a Basic Autonomous Vehicle Based on CAN Bus

Ali,

I Ali

2024

International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Comput

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“…Modulation techniques are not new in the security of the CAN protocol; recent efforts by Michaels et al [51] introduced modulation techniques to enhance the security of the CAN protocol. Their proposal incorporates a rolling secret (watermark) aligned with primary bus messages through multiplexing based on Binary Phase Shifting Keying (BPSK) modulation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAN-MM: Multiplexed Message Authentication Code for Controller Area Network Message Authentication in Road Vehicles

Oberti,

Savino,

Sanchez

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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As the automotive industry adopts more technology, the threat of cyberattacks on vehicles grows. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) operate in a hostile environment, raising safety concerns for drivers and passengers. Initiatives from both industry and government bodies aim to address these risks. The primary communication protocol used in the automotive industry, the standard Controller Area Networks (CANs) protocol, is a target for cybercriminals due to its limitations in ensuring communication integrity. This paper proposes CAN Multiplexed MAC (CAN-MM), using frequency modulation to multiplex Message Authentication Code (MAC) data with standard CAN communication. CAN-MM enables the transmission of MAC payloads at reduced time cost while maintaining backward compatibility with old CAN protocol versions. The solution is also compatible with modern evolutions of the CAN protocol and advanced algorithms resorting to MAC as part of the security infrastructure.

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“…Methods of protecting the CAN bus range from server ECU-based authentication of every CAN device to intrusion detection on the CAN bus. ECU authentication methods usually focus on statically defining and storing cryptography or identification material that can provide authenticity, such as digital certificates [ 11 ], PUFs [ 12 ], firmware digests [ 21 ], and co-channel RF watermarking [ 22 ]. Furthermore, some work has been done on Post-Quantum Cryptography for CAN encryption in vehicles [ 11 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hierarchical Security Solution for Controller-Area-Network-Based 3D Printing in a Post-Quantum World

Cultice,

Clark,

Yang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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As the popularity of 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) continues to increase for use in commercial and defense supply chains, the requirement for reliable, robust protection from adversaries has become more important than ever. Three-dimensional printing security focuses on protecting both the individual Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT) AM devices and the networks that connect hundreds of these machines together. Additionally, rapid improvements in quantum computing demonstrate a vital need for robust security in a post-quantum future for critical AM manufacturing, especially for applications in, for example, the medical and defense industries. In this paper, we discuss the attack surface of adversarial data manipulation on the physical inter-device communication bus, Controller Area Network (CAN). We propose a novel, hierarchical tree solution for a secure, post-quantum-supported security framework for CAN-based AM devices. Through using subnet hopping between isolated CAN buses, our framework maintains the ability to use legacy or third-party devices in a plug-and-play fashion while securing and minimizing the attack surface of hardware Trojans or other adversaries. The results of the physical implementation of our framework demonstrate 25% and 90% improvement in message costs for authentication compared to existing lightweight and post-quantum CAN security solutions, respectively. Additionally, we performed timing benchmarks on the normal communication (hopping) and authentication schemes of our framework.

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CAN Bus Message Authentication via Co-Channel RF Watermark

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

An Efficient Design of a Basic Autonomous Vehicle Based on CAN Bus

An Efficient Design of a Basic Autonomous Vehicle Based on CAN Bus

CAN-MM: Multiplexed Message Authentication Code for Controller Area Network Message Authentication in Road Vehicles

A Novel Hierarchical Security Solution for Controller-Area-Network-Based 3D Printing in a Post-Quantum World

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