Can carbon dioxide be used as a tracer of urban atmospheric transport?

Pataki, Diane E.; Tyler, Bonnie J.; Peterson, Richard E.; Nair, Ashwati; Steenburgh, W. James; Pardyjak, Eric R.

doi:10.1029/2004jd005723

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, the portfolio of fuels contributing to CDV change in both time and space, and respond to meteorological conditions. For example, colder conditions increase demand for heating, which may shift the portfolio of fuel sources toward natural gas (e.g., Pataki et al, 2006). Finally, d CDV can be altered by the temperature and degree of equilibration of 18 O between H 2 O and CO 2 in combustion exhaust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased prominence of residential and commercial sector emissions during the winter, primarily at the expense of on-road and industrial emissions, likely results from a greater heating demand and a concomitant increase in natural gas use. Top-down observations of stable carbon isotope compositions in atmospheric CO 2 in SLV reflect this seasonal change in carbon inputs primarily from gasoline combustion and respiration in the summer to a much stronger signal from natural gas in the winter (Pataki et al, 2003(Pataki et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Stoichiometric Relationships Between Co and CDV And Fuel Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We define the background CO 2 value, min(CO 2 ), to be the seasonal minimum value observed at the UOU or the ASB. Observations of urban δ 13 C − CO 2 and atmospheric modeling of SLV indicate that wintertime increases in CO 2 above background concentrations are driven by anthropogenic emissions, and that the contribution from local respiration to urban CO 2 enhancement is likely negligible (Pataki et al, 2003(Pataki et al, , 2005(Pataki et al, , 2007Strong et al, 2011). We apply two linear mixed models where PCAP-to-PCAP event-scale variability is treated as a random effect to estimate d CDV : in the first, the slope is assumed to be constant across all PCAP events but the intercept is allowed to vary, while in the second, both the slope and intercept are allowed to vary across PCAP events.…”

Section: Mixing Analysis Between Meteorological Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and variability of combustion-derived vapor in an urban basin

Fiorella¹,

Bares²,

Lin³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Water emitted during combustion may comprise a significant portion of ambient humidity ( > 10 %) in urban areas, where combustion emissions are strongly focused in space and time. Stable water vapor isotopes can be used to apportion measured humidity values between atmospherically transported and combustion-derived water vapor, as combustion-derived vapor possesses an unusually negative deuterium excess value (d-excess, d = δ 2 H − 8δ 18 O). We investigated the relationship between the d-excess of atmospheric vapor, ambient CO 2 concentrations, and atmospheric stability across four winters in Salt Lake City, Utah. We found a robust inverse relationship between CO 2 excess above background and d-excess on sub-diurnal to seasonal timescales, which was most prominent during periods of strong atmospheric stability that occur during Salt Lake City winter. Using a Keeling-style mixing model approach, and assuming a molar ratio of H 2 O to CO 2 in emissions of 1.5, we estimated the d-excess of combustion-derived vapor in Salt Lake City to be −179 ± 17 ‰, consistent with the upper limit of theoretical estimates. Based on this estimate, we calculate that vapor from fossil fuel combustion often represents 5-10 % of total urban humidity, with a maximum estimate of 16.7 %, consistent with prior estimates for Salt Lake City. Moreover, our analysis highlights that changes in the observed d-excess during periods of high atmospheric stability cannot be explained without a vapor source possessing a strongly negative d-excess value. Further refinements in this humidity apportionment method, most notably empirical validation of the d-excess of combustion vapor or improvements in the estimation of the background d-excess value in the absence of combustion, can yield more certain estimates of the impacts of fossil fuel combustion on urban humidity and meteorology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stoichiometric Relationships Between Co and CDV And Fuel Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mixing Analysis Between Meteorological Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and variability of combustion-derived vapor in an urban basin

Fiorella¹,

Bares²,

Lin³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Its data was used because no continuous observation was carried out at an urban station during the period. Considering the well-mixed surface layer with a capping inversion in urban mountain basins (e.g., Pataki et al, 2005), we suggest that this suburban data adequately …”

Section: Descriptions Of Measurement Sites and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression Analyses between Recent Air Quality and Visibility Changes in Megacities at Four Haze Regions in China

Lin

Tao

Chan

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The Chinese government has put forward a series of aggressive control measures to tackle environmental problems, such as poor visibility, since the first year of its 11th five-year plan (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Recently recorded visibility, air quality and meteorological data in four major megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu) in different haze regions (and climatic zones) of China were analyzed with the aim of evaluating the extent to which the control actions have affected these measures. The ambient concentrations of three major air pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 and PM 10 ) in these cities all decreased in the years 2005-2009. However, improved visibility was observed only in Beijing and Guangzhou; it remained steady in Shanghai, and showed a decreasing trend in Chengdu. The results highlight the fact that the correlation between air quality and visibility is complex. Optimal empirical regression models were developed, based on measured air quality and meteorological parameter data, to better isolate possible causal correlations between visibility and air quality, as well as meteorological conditions. Our results show that the improvement in visibility in both Beijing and Guangzhou was mainly due to the reduced PM 10 concentration. In Guangzhou, improved atmospheric visibility was also helped by a reduction in SO 2 concentration in winter. In contrast, lower wind speed, together with possible changes in fine particle concentration and composition, could explain why no improvement in visibility trend was found in Shanghai or Chengdu.

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“…Analyses of the concentration and anisotropic composition of atmospheric CO 2 have been carried out to assess their anthropogenic impact (Kuc et al, 2003;LonginELLi & SELmo, 2005;PAtAKi et al, 2005;Zimnoch et al, 2004). In the atmospheric boundary layer, the concentration and carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO 2 (δ 13 C CO2 ) is determined by the mixing of tropospheric air with locally derived air that is affected by 36 anthropogenic and/or biogenic CO 2 sources and sinks (Zimnoch et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic composition of carbon in atmospheric air; use of a diffusion model at the water/atmosphere interface in Velenje Basin

Kanduč¹

2015

Geologija

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Klju~ne besede: atmosferski ogljikov dioksid, ogljikovi izotopi, fazna meja zrak/voda, difuzijski model, Velenjski bazen, termoelektrarna, antropogeni vpliv Abstract CO 2 concentrations (partial pressure of CO 2 , pCO 2 ), and isotope compositions of carbon dioxide in air (δ 13 C CO2 ), temperature (T) and relative humidity (H) have been measured in the atmosphere in the Velenje Basin. Samples were collected monthly in the calendar year 2011 from 9 locations in the area where the largest thermal power plant in Slovenia with the greatest emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere (around 4M t/year) is located. Values of pCO 2 ranged from 239 to 460 ppm with an average value of 294 ppm, which is below the average atmospheric CO 2 pressure (360 ppm). δ 13 C CO2 ranged from -18.0 to -6.4 ‰, with an average value of -11.7 ‰. These values are similar to those measured in Wroclaw, Poland. We performed the comparison of δ 13 C CO2 values in atmospheric air with Wroclaw since researchers used similar approach to trace δ 13 C CO2 around anthropogenic sources. The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ 13 C DIC ) in rivers and lakes from the Velenje basin changes seasonally from -13.5 to -7.1‰. The values of δ 13 C DIC indicate the occurrence of biogeochemical processes in the surface waters, with dissolution of carbonates and degradation of organic matter being the most important. A concentration and diffusion model was used to calculate the time of equilibration between dissolved inorganic carbon in natural sources (rivers) and atmospheric CO 2 . Izvle~ekTa {tudija opisuje rezultate analize koncentracij CO 2 v zraku (parcialni tlak CO 2 , pCO 2 ) in izotopske sestave ogljika v atmosferskem zraku (δ 13 C CO2 ), temperature (T) in relativne vlažnosti (H) v atmosferi iz Velenjskega bazena. Vzorce smo vzor~ili mese~no na 9 lokacijah v koledarskem letu 2011 na obmo~ju Velenjskega bazena, kjer je locirana najve~ja termoelektrarna v Sloveniji, ki predstavlja najve~jega proizvajalca emisij CO 2 v atmosfero (okoli 4 Mt/leto). Koncentracije pCO 2 v zraku se v ~asu te {tudije spreminjajo od 239 do 460 ppm. Merjene povpre~ne koncentracije pCO 2 v na{i {tudiji zna{ajo 294 ppm in so pod povpre~nim atmosferskim tlakom CO 2 , ki zna{a 360 ppm. Merjena δ 13 C CO2 se spreminja od -18,0 do -6,4 ‰ s povpre~no vrednostjo δ 13 C CO2 -11,7 ‰. Vrednosti atmosferskega CO 2 in δ 13 C CO2 so v ~asu te raziskave podobne vrednostim objavljenim za Wroclaw, Poljska. Naredili smo primerjavo z δ 13 C CO2 vrednostmi v atmosferskem zraku z Wroclawom, ker so raziskovalci uporabili podoben pristop sledenja δ 13 C CO2 vrednosti okrog antropogenih virov. Izotopska sestava raztopljenega anorganskega ogljika (δ 13 C DIC ) v rekah in jezerih Velenjskega bazena se je v letu 2011 sezonsko spreminjala od -13,5 do -7,1 ‰. Vrednosti δ 13 C DIC odražajo biogeokemijske procese v povr{inskih vodah, med katerimi sta najpomembnej{a raztapljanje karbonatov in razgradnja organske snovi. Izdelali smo tudi koncentracijski in izotopski difuzijski model za izra~un ~asa u...

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Can carbon dioxide be used as a tracer of urban atmospheric transport?

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Detection and variability of combustion-derived vapor in an urban basin

Detection and variability of combustion-derived vapor in an urban basin

Regression Analyses between Recent Air Quality and Visibility Changes in Megacities at Four Haze Regions in China

Isotopic composition of carbon in atmospheric air; use of a diffusion model at the water/atmosphere interface in Velenje Basin

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