Can commonly used profile planes be used to evaluate changes in lower lip position?

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the validity of five profile planes commonly used to describe the horizontal changes of the lower lip during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms of 79 patients (12.4 6 2.8 years of age) were evaluated. Lower lip (labrale inferiorus) changes over time were measured relative to the Rickett's E-line, Steiner's S1-line, Burstone's B-line, Sushner's S2-line, and Holdaway's H-line. As an independent measure of actual horizontal lip changes, the labrale inferiorus was measured relative to a stable reference plane registered on the sella and oriented on the SN-7u. Results: The lower lip actually moved anteriorly 2.35 6 3.35 mm during orthodontic treatment; the five profile planes indicated that the lower lip moved to a more retrusive, posterior position. The five profile planes also showed no statistically significant sex differences in terms of the treatment changes that occurred, while the actual lip changes showed that males exhibited significantly greater changes than females. Actual treatment changes showed that the lower lip moved to a more protrusive position with nonextraction than with extraction treatments, changes that were not evident based on the five profile lines. While lip changes based on the five profile planes demonstrated moderately high to high intercorrelations ranging from 0.81 to 0.97, they showed only weak correlations (r , .35) with the actual horizontal changes of the labrale inferiorus. Conclusions: While all five planes measured similar aspects of positional change, none of them closely reflected the actual lower lip changes that occurred. These planes should not be used to measure changes in lip position that occur during treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:557-563.)

Comparison of aesthetic facial criteria between Caucasian and East Asian female populations: An esthetic surgeon's perspective

“…89 Nevertheless, the validation, consistency, and sensitivity of these methods in evaluating lower facial attractiveness in different ethnic groups still needs more assessment. 90 Our present study has some limitations. The major problem is the imbalanced situation regarding the amount of research between Western and Eastern beauty.…”

What is the best soft-tissue reference plane to quantify lip change in bimaxillary protrusion cases? A retrospective cohort study

“…e soft-tissue profile of each cephalometric image was measured using five soft-tissue planes, as described by Buschang et al [12] All five soft-tissue profile reference lines were constructed tangent to the soft-tissue chin (pogonion); the second cephalometric point used was nose tip, [13] midpoint of nose columella, [14] subnasale, [15] soft-tissue nasion, [16] and maxillary anterior lip tip. [17,18] In addition, the actual horizontal change of the lower lip tip that occurred during treatment was measured from the sella to the labrale inferiorus parallel to SN-7 o [12] [ Figure 1]. e cephalometric radiograph analyses were performed at 200% magnification using ImageJ software, a Java-based, public domain image processing program (NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA).…”

“…[9] A variety of factors influencing soft-tissue profile changes have been identified, and it has been reported that horizontal treatment changes in the lower lip were more predictable than in the upper lip. [10,11] e validity of five soft-tissue profile planes commonly used to describe the horizontal changes of the lower lip during orthodontic treatment which was tested by Buschang et al [12] e study sample of 79 orthodontically treated early adolescent patients was predominately White (92.4%), mostly Class I (77.2%) with 55.7% non-extraction compared to 44.3% premolar extraction treatments. All five soft-tissue profile reference lines were constructed tangent to the softtissue chin (pogonion); the second cephalometric point used was nose tip, [13] midpoint of nose columella, [14] subnasale, [15] soft-tissue nasion, [16] and maxillary anterior lip tip.…”

“…[17,18] e authors concluded that the reference planes did not reflect the magnitude of lower lip change, none of them were related to the actual amount of anteroposterior lip change that occurred and that soft-tissue adolescent growth must have contributed to these results. [12] e purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of five soft-tissue profile planes to actual horizontal lower lip changes following treatment of severe bimaxillary protrusion patients with VME using extra-alveolar miniscrews. e null hypothesis was no difference between actual horizontal lower lip treatment changes compared to five soft-tissue reference planes commonly used for soft-tissue profile treatment analysis.…”

<p>Hubungan antara sudut interinsisal terhadap profil jaringan lunak wajah pada foto sefalometri</p><p>Relationship between interincisal angles and facial soft tissue profiles in cephalometric photos</p>

“…Ras Mongoloid rata-rata memiliki ketebalan bibir atas dan bibir bawah yang lebih menonjol sehingga meskipun ukuran sudut interinsisal menurut Steiner termasuk normal tetapi profil bibirnya tetap dalam keadaan protrusif. [15][16][17][18]…”