Can Cushioned Shoes with Anatomical Insole Correct the Impact in Runners with Recurring Shin Splint?

Abstract

Open Access Research Articlefindings show a progressive bone reaction [6] related to impact and running [8,9]. Related risk factors are over pronation, initial rear foot contact, muscle fatigue or previous MTSS.The impact (i.e. "the collision between two objects" [10]), is habitually associated with MTSS [6,8]. Tibial impact during running occurs 150 milliseconds after heel contact [11], with potential harmful effects in runners [8,12]. Low cost accelerometers can be used to assess impact in running [13][14][15] and helps to study mechanical patterns [15][16][17][18]. Heel contact has a correlation coefficient of 87% with ground reaction force [18].Recently, 10 kilometers (10 k) running are massive and inexpensive [19]. Unfortunately, between 27 to 70% of 10k runners may develop MTSS [20,21]. Recovery of 18 minutes of asymptomatic running may take more than 100 days to return to sport after MTSS [6]. Today, there is not enough information related to recovery or MTSS re-injury process, but physicians and physical therapist usually recommends changing footwear and use an orthopedics insole [3] in order to reduce impact. However, it is not know if this therapeutic management positively affects the mechanical characteristics of impact during running [6]. Therefore, our research aim was to determine the effect of cushioned shoes with anatomical insole on impact, over pronation and mechanical strategy to impact during running in 10 k runners, over pronators, rear foot initial contact and unilateral recurrent shin splint respect barefoot running before sport return.We hypothesized that:1. Impact during running is lower using anatomical insole with cushioning shoes compared to bare foot running.2. The over pronation angle in midstance is lower using anatomical insole with cushioned shoes compared to barefoot running. AbstractShin splint injury usually takes several weeks to recover. We determine the effect of cushioned shoes with anatomical insole on impact, over pronation and mechanical strategy to impact during running in 10 k runners, over pronators, rear foot initial contact and unilateral recurrent shin splint respect bare foot running before sport return.Fourteen runners with recurrent shin splint who underwent standardized physical therapy were included. We compared by one tailed paired t-test the variables impact, rear foot over pronation angle in midstance and mechanical strategy to impact during barefoot running condition with anatomical insole and cushioned shoes running condition (α=0.05 and 1-β=80%).The impact was reduced from 6.893 g to 6.600 g (95% CI: 6.513 g-6.686 g, p<0.001) using cushioned shoes with anatomical insole condition respect barefoot running condition. The over pronation angle in midstance was reduced from 18.50° to 16.21° (95% CI: 14.29°-18.13°, p = 0.011) using cushioned shoes with anatomical insole condition respect barefoot running condition. The mechanical strategy to impact analyzed by cross correlation coefficient between cushioned shoes with anatomical insole condition with barefoot...

Running Footwear with Custom Insoles for Pressure Distribution Are Appropriate to Diminish Impacts After Shin Splints

“…After medical diagnosis, each participant completed a six week rehabilitation program (13). This program included the following: in week one, rest from sports related activities, inflammation control, pain control (cryotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), and plantarflexion stretching; in week two, inflammation and pain control continues, with improvement of ankle muscle flexibility, isometric ankle strengthening, and star excursion training; between weeks two and five, inflammation and pain control continues, with improvement of ankle muscle flexibility, eccentric ankle strengthening, and star excursion training; and in week six, plantarflexion stretching, aerobic reconditioning, footwear modifications, eccentric strengthening with emphasis on ankle invertors, reincorporation of treadmill running, and cryotherapy after each running session (13).…”

“…The 3-axis ADXL345 accelerometer (Analog Devices Inc., USA), with high resolution (3.9 mg/LSB) up to 16 g, 10X amplification, and a wireless connection (13), was created and used with an Arduino microcontroller (Arduino, Italy). The accelerometer was aligned with the calcaneus while in a bipedal posture and in relation to its medio-lateral and cephalo-caudal axes.…”