Can Equids Be a Reservoir of Leishmania braziliensis in Endemic Areas?

Truppel, Jessé Henrique; Otomura, Flávio Haragushiku; Teodoro, Ueslei; Massafera, Rubens; Costa-Ribeiro, Magda Clara Vieira da; Catarino, Carolina Motter; Dalagrana, Luana; Ferreira, Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093731

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…in infected horses is common. Positive PCR with negative serology can be obtained in acute infection, or in some immune diseases (Truppel et al 2014). Asymptomatic cases of VL are common in dogs and humans, including seronegative dogs that can be PCR positives (Solano-Gallego et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horses are commonly used for work in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Seropositive results from horses in Araçatuba/SP (Feitosa et al 2012) and in different countries from the state of Paraná (Vedovello-Filho et al 2008, Truppel et al 2014 suggest that horses likely attract sandflies that transmit leishmaniasis, because they probably serve as a source of blood. A study conducted in a CL endemic region of Brazil, the authors suggest that horses could be source of blood for phlebotomines in peridomestic environment and hence can be the primary reservoirs of L. (V.) braziliensis (Truppel et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania spp. in horses from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2018

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RESUMO.-[Detecção molecular e sorológica de infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum em cavalos na região Sudeste do Brasil.] O estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. e Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum em cavalos de uma região endêmica para leishmaniose visceral do Brasil. Amostras de DNA de sangue e suabe conjuntival (SC) foram testadas pela PCR e pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Embora nenhum cavalo estivesse clinicamente doente, animais infectados por Leishmania spp. e L. (L.) infantum foram encontrados em Ilha Solteira/SP. Dos 40 cavalos, 100% (40/40) foram positivos pela PCR de sangue, 90% (36/40) pela PCR de SC, e 2,5% (01/40) no sorodiagnóstico, pela RIFI. Seis desses 40 cavalos foram positivos para L. (L.) infantum pela PCR de sangue. O sequenciamento direto e a análise dos amplicons resultaram em uma sequência para análise evolutiva. Os resultados indicam a presença de Leishmania spp. e L. (L.) infantum infectando cavalos saudáveis no Brasil. A presença de DNA de Leishmania spp. and L. (L.) infantum em cavalos saudáveis sugere que eles podem ser importantes reservatórios desses parasitas, um achado altamente relevante para a vigilância epidemiológica das doenças que causam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania spp. in horses from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…Among the investigations that have sought new possible reservoirs, there have been reports on equids showing clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (KOEHLER et al, 2002;SOLANO-GALLEGO et al, 2003;MÜLLER et al, 2009;SOARES et al, 2013). Furthermore, prevalence studies conducted in Europe (FERNÁNDEZ-BELLON et al, 2006;LOPES et al, 2013;SGORBINI et al, 2014), Asia (GAO et al, 2015AHARONSON-RAZ et al, 2015), Africa (MUKHTAR et al, 2000KENUBIH et al, 2015;ROHOUSOVA et al, 2015) and South America (AGUILAR et al, 1989;FEITOSA et al, 2012;TRUPPEL et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2017;BENASSI et al, 2018) have demonstrated that horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), mules (Equus asinus caballus) and ponies (E. caballus) are parasitized by different species of Leishmania, such as Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania siamensis, including cases of mixed infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical aspects and diagnosis of leishmaniasis in equids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Limeira

Alves

Azevêdo

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Leishmaniases are a group of diseases of zoonotic importance caused by over 20 species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania, in which domestic dogs are considered to be the main reservoir for the disease. However, the involvement of other vertebrates as reservoirs for these parasites has also been investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on occurrences of leishmaniasis in equids. The case reports described animals with cutaneous symptoms of leishmaniasis (papules, nodules, ulcers or crusts) that regressed spontaneously, located mainly on the head and limbs, from which three species of protozoa were identified in the lesions: Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania siamensis. In turn, the meta-analysis showed a combined prevalence of 25%, although with high heterogeneity among the studies, which was attributed to the use of different methods for diagnosing the disease. Leishmaniasis in equids is a benign disease but it should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous diseases among these species. Seroepidemiological studies are important in investigating and monitoring suspected exposure of these hosts to the parasite, especially in endemic areas. However, there is also a need to standardize diagnostic methods.

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“…It is also not certain whether and which other domestic animals [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and wild animals [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] play a role in this phenomenon in Suriname. Clearly, such efforts will both improve our understanding of leishmaniasis in Suriname and contribute to programs to combat this disease in the country.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, Biological and Clinical Aspects of Leishmaniasis with Special Emphasis on Busi Yasi in Suriname

Mans¹,

Kent²,

Hu³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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The parasitic disease leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by sand fly vectors of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. Transmission can either be anthroponotic (human to human) or zoonotic through mammalian reservoirs such as dogs and rodents. Leishmaniasis has three principal clinical manifestations, namely cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The cutaneous form characteristically causes skin ulcers, the mucocutaneous form manifests as lesions of skin, mouth, and nose, and the (potentially lethal) visceral form affects the internal organs such as spleen and liver and also invades the bone marrow. Leishmaniasis is endemic in about ninety-eight countries and the diverse types of the disease occur in different regions of the world. CL is most common in Afghanistan, Algeria, Pakistan, Iran, Brazil, and Colombia; MCL is mainly restricted to countries of the Amazon Basin; and VL is most frequently seen in the Indian sub-continent, the Horn of Africa (Sudan and Ethiopia), and Brazil. The current global prevalence is estimated at about 12 million, and each year, the disease in one of its forms makes about 2 million new victims and claims up to 50,000 fatalities. This paper presents epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of leishmaniasis throughout the world; then focuses on the disease in the Republic of Suriname (South America); addresses in more detail the species of Leishmania parasites in that country; and concludes with potential future directions to improve our understanding of leishmaniasis in Suriname.

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Can Equids Be a Reservoir of Leishmania braziliensis in Endemic Areas?

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania spp. in horses from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Brazil

Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania spp. in horses from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Brazil

Clinical aspects and diagnosis of leishmaniasis in equids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epidemiological, Biological and Clinical Aspects of Leishmaniasis with Special Emphasis on Busi Yasi in Suriname

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