Can experience be evidence? Craft knowledge and evidence-based policing

Fleming, Jenny; Rhodes, R. A. W.

doi:10.1332/030557317x14957211514333

Cited by 104 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…This has led to a new qualification and broadening of the concept of “evidence” in and for policy, and includes practices other than scientific output, such as experiential knowledge (cf. Fleming and Rhodes 2018 ) and local knowledge (Yanow 1999 ). To summarize, policy scientists have developed critical understandings of the notion of knowledge and its manifestations in power relations but have simultaneously held on to the notion of ignorance (or nonknowledge) as its inferior Other .…”

Section: Knowledge and Ignorance In Policy Studies: Conceptual Lineagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond evidence versus truthiness: toward a symmetrical approach to knowledge and ignorance in policy studies

Haddad

2019

Policy Sci

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Current political developments in established liberal democracies in both Europe and North America have fundamentally called into question the normative relations between truth, knowledge and politics. Whether labeled “posttruth” or truthiness, commentators lament the willful spread and deployment of nonknowledge and ignorance as important political forces. In this paper, we discuss ignorance in its strategic dimension by weaving together insights from the sociology of ignorance with a policy-scientific approach. By means of three empirical vignettes, we demonstrate that ignorance is more than the flipside of knowledge or merely its lack: it is a constitutive feature of the policy process and is thus not uniquely symptomatic of the current era. We conclude by arguing for what we call a symmetrical approach in which ignorance receives the same quality of attention that knowledge has historically received in the policy sciences. To make fully visible the different forms of ignorance that shape policy processes, policy scholars must hone their “agnoto-epistemological sensibilities” to cope with the current challenges and advance a policy science for democracy.

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Section: Knowledge and Ignorance In Policy Studies: Conceptual Lineagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond evidence versus truthiness: toward a symmetrical approach to knowledge and ignorance in policy studies

Haddad

2019

Policy Sci

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“…Professionals frequently prioritise activities falling within their jurisdiction, in favour of taking on the additional obligations associated with the expectations of a new policy (Cairney, 2015). Recent analyses of evidence-based policy making draw attention to the impact that occupational culture has on long established activities such as the sharing of practices, beliefs and knowledge (Fleming and Rhodes, 2018). These findings illustrate the contrast between policy designers, who often expect implementation to fit orderly into the policy cycle, and academic research that establishes implementation to be a far more complex and muddled activity (Cairney, 2015).…”

Section: The Activities Of Hybrid Middle Managers In Policy Implementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theatre Managers performed a knowledge brokering role by managing potential differences between the intentions of policy designers and the response from their teams during implementation (Currie et al, 2015;Oosterwaal and Torenvlied 2012). Pharmacists utilised their previous experience to assess the effectiveness of national policy guidance, concluding that it offered little to what they knew already, highlighting the potential benefits of an evidence-based approach to local policy implementation (Fleming and Rhodes, 2018).…”

Section: Reworkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies highlight the potential for conflicts between the 'rational' intentions of national policy designers, and their 'subjective' interpretation by local actors (Sausman et al, 2016;Richards and Duxbury, 2014;Oosterwaal and Torenvlied 2012). Increasingly, the designers of evidence-based policy try to draw on the experiences of practitioners and incorporate what is working well in practice into their interventions (Fleming and Rhodes, 2018). These recent themes have coincided with the shift from New Public Management (NPM) studies that concentrate on top down policy efforts, towards New Public Governance (NPG) analyses that places greater emphasis on the variety of actors and processes that impact on public policy implementation (Osborne, 2010(Osborne, , 2006Barber, 2008;Barrett, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of middle managers in the implementation of national public policy

Cooper

Kitchener

2019

Policy &Amp; Politics

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Recent policy implementation studies have considered the processes by which the top down objectives of policy designers conflict with the bottom up responses of local actors within functional teams. Our paper extends that body of research by analysing the, hitherto underexplored, role of hybrid middle managers (HMMs) who combine their professional expertise with management responsibilities to locally forge compromises when implementing national policy interventions. Drawing from a recent study of the implementation of the Welsh national patient safety programme, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the activities deployed by HMMs to broker policy interventions within their local teams. We provide an analytical model to direct attention towards the varied activities performed by HMMs from different occupations. Our empirical findings reveal how policy implementation processes can be better understood, and planned, if HMMs are differentiated by their occupational background.

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“…This literature advocates or treats EBP in the abstract from first principles. It considers that the onus is on public persons and public institutions to get with the program of EBP (Cairney : 104; Fleming and Rhodes : 4‐6; Greenhalgh and Russell : 305‐6, 307‐8, 311; Haynes et al ; Heinrich : 259; Newman : 216‐7; Stilgoe et al : 57: 69). This kind of advocacy comes from the people who, as Gluckman and Wilsdon (; see also Carden : 165‐6) put it, “feel frustrated by the visible failures of evidence to influence policy” and who (Nutley et al : 299) endorse “the 'what works?'…”

Section: Qualitative Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the evidence on evidence‐based policy

French¹

2018

Can Public Adm

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What can we learn from the evidence on evidence-based policy (EBP)? We summarize and synthesize the themes that converge from the observations of those scholars who have studied EBP, including studies of "science and public policy" and "knowledge utilization." Many characteristics of the policy-making environment escape the notice of the majority of advocates of EBP; we examine them in summary. Next, we identify key lessons from research that addresses directly the practice of policy-making. A substantial consensus on the experience of EBP in policy-making emerges. However, when we examine the conclusions of various students of EBP as to the requirements for its successful implementation, we see that no consensus exists as to the way ahead. EBP will remain a popular ideal among scientists and social scientists because of its intuitive appeal, but would not appear to offer a simple prospect of rapid and significant improvement in the application of research to public policy.Sommaire : Que pouvons-nous apprendre des preuves concernant les politiques fondées sur des données probantes (PFDP)? À partir des observations de chercheurs qui ont étudié les PFDP, y compris des recherches sur la « science et les politiques publiques » et sur « l'utilisation des connaissances », nous résumons et faisons la synthèse des sujets convergents. De nombreuses caractéristiques pertinentes au secteur de la prise de décisions, que nous étudions en résumé, semblent échapper à la majorité des adeptes des PFDP; nous identifions ensuite les principales leçons tirées de la recherche portant directement sur la prise de décisions. Nous constatons alors l'émergence d'un consensus considérable. Néanmoins, en se penchant sur les résultats obtenus par divers chercheurs de PFDP concernant les exigences requises pour leur mise en oeuvre réussie, il n'existe pas de consensus sur la façon de procéder. Bien que les PFDP restent un idéal prisé au sein de la communauté scientifique et des spécialistes en sciences sociales à cause de leur attrait intuitif, elles ne semblent pas offrir de perspective simple pour améliorer l'application de la recherche aux politiques publiques de manière rapide et importante.What can we learn from the evidence on evidence-based policy (EBP)? We cannot do a randomized controlled test or a statistically rigorous meta-

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Can experience be evidence? Craft knowledge and evidence-based policing

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

Beyond evidence versus truthiness: toward a symmetrical approach to knowledge and ignorance in policy studies

Beyond evidence versus truthiness: toward a symmetrical approach to knowledge and ignorance in policy studies

The role of middle managers in the implementation of national public policy

Lessons from the evidence on evidence‐based policy

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